?? mime.txt
字號:
Image/Jpeg
indicates an image in JPEG format.
Image/Gif
indicates an image in GIF format.
Message
indicates an encapsulated message.
Message/Rfc822
indicates that the body contains an encapsulated message, with
the syntax of an RFC 822 message.
Message/Partial
indicates a partial message, allowing fragmented transmission
of bodies too large to be passed through mail transport
facilities. Message/Partial indicates that the body contains
a fragment of a larger message.
Three parameters are required in a Content-Type field of type
Message/Partial: The first, Id, is a unique identifier, as
close to world-unique as possible, used to match the parts
together. The second, Number, an integer, is the part number
indicating where this part fits into the sequence of
fragments. The third, Total, another integer, is the total
number of parts. Total is required on the final part, and
optional on earlier parts.
Message/External-Body
indicates that the actual body data are not included, but
merely referenced. In this case, the parameters describe a
mechanism for accessing the external data.
When a body or body part is of type Message/External-Body,
it consists of a header, a blank line, and the message header
for the encapsulated message. If another blank line appears,
this ends the message header for the encapsulated message.
However, since the encapsulated message's body is itself
external, it does not appear in the area that follows. For
example, consider this message:
Content-type: message/external-body;
access-type=local-file;
name=/u/nsb/Me.gif
Content-type: image/gif
THIS IS NOT REALLY THE BODY!
The area at the end, which constitutes a phantom body, is
ignored for most external-body messages. However, it may be
used to contain auxiliary information for a
"mail-server".
The only parameter of Message/External腂ody that is always
mandatory is Access-Type. Its other parameters are mandatory
or optional depending on the value of Access-Type. The values
defined for the Access-Type parameter are FTP, ANON-FTP, TFTP,
AFS, LOCAL-FILE, and MAIL-SERVER. Except for values beginning
with X-, other values must be registered with IANA.
The standard also specifies additional parameters that are to
be used in conjunction with the various access types.
In addition to access-type specific parameters, the standard
defines the following parameters which are optional for all
access types:
* The Expiration parameter is used to specify a date after
which the existence of the external data is not
guaranteed.
* The Size parameter is used to specify the size of the
data.
Multipart
indicates data consisting of multiple body parts; each having its
own data type. It is possible to tell where each body part begins
and ends because each body part is preceded by a special string
called an encapsulation boundary; the last body part is followed
by a closing boundary.
The boundary strings used are specified by a mandatory parameter
called Boundary. The encapsulation boundary is an end of line
followed by two hyphens followed by the boundary parameter value
of the Content腡ype header field. The closing boundary is the
same as the encapsulation boundary with the addition of two
hyphens at the end of the line.
The encapsulation boundary must not appear inside any of the
encapsulated parts. It is crucial that the composing user agent
be able to choose and specify the unique boundary that will
separate the body parts. Encapsulation boundaries may be no
longer than 70 characters, not counting the blank line and leading
hyphens.
Thus, a typical multipart Content-Type header field might look
like:
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=gc0y0pkb9ex
This indicates a body consisting of several body parts, each
having a structure syntactically identical to an RFC 822 message,
except that the header area may be completely empty, and each part
is preceded by the line
--gc0y0pkb9ex
The closing boundary following the last body part indicates that
no further body parts will follow. It is identical to the
preceding encapsulation boundaries, with the addition of two more
hyphens at the end of the line:
--gc0y0pkb9ex--
There is room for additional information prior to the first
encapsulation boundary and following the final boundary. These
areas are often blank. Anything appearing before the first or
after the last boundary is ignored.
As a simple example, the following multipart message has two
parts, both plain text, one explicitly typed and one implicitly
typed:
From: Nathaniel Borenstein <nsb@bellcore.com>
To: Ned Freed <ned@innosoft.com>
Subject: Sample message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: multipart/mixed;
boundary="simple boundary"
This is the preamble. It is to be ignored, though it is a
handy place for mail composers to include an explanatory note
to non-MIME compliant readers.
--simple boundary
This is implicitly typed plain ASCII text.
--simple boundary
Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
This is explicitly typed plain ASCII text.
It DOES end with a line break.
--simple boundary--
This is the epilogue. It is also to be ignored.
The use of a Content-Type of multipart in a body part within
another multipart entity is explicitly allowed. In such cases,
care must be taken to ensure that each nested multipart entity
uses a different boundary delimiter.
The use of the multipart Content-Type with only a single body part
may be useful in certain contexts, and is explicitly permitted.
Multipart/Mixed
indicates multiple independent body parts to be viewed
serially.
Multipart/Alternative
is syntactically identical to Multipart/Mixed. Each part is
an "alternative" version of the same information. Mail
readers should recognize that the content of the parts are
interchangeable. The mail reader should either choose the
"best" type based on the user's environment and preferences,
or offer the user the available alternatives. Generally,
choosing the best type means displaying only the last part
that can be displayed. This may be used, for example, to send
mail in a fancy text format in such a way that it can easily
be displayed anywhere:
From: Nathaniel Borenstein <nsb@bellcore.com>
To: Ned Freed <ned@innosoft.com>
Subject: Formatted text mail
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary=boundary42
--boundary42
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
...plain text version of message goes here...
--boundary42
Content-Type: text/richtext
... richtext version of same message goes here ...
--boundary42
Content-Type: text/x-whatever
... fanciest formatted version of same message goes here
...
--boundary42--
In this example, users whose mail system understood the
text/x-whatever format would see only the fancy version,
while other users would see only the richtext or plain text
version, depending on the capabilities of their system.
Some mail reading programs that recognize more than one of the
formats will offer the user a choice of which format to view.
This makes sense, for example, if mail includes both a nicely
formatted image version and an easily edited text version.
The point is that multiple versions of the same data are not
automatically shown. Either the user is shown the last
recognized version or explicitly given the choice.
Multipart/Parallel
is syntactically identical to Multipart/Mixed. However, in a
parallel body, all of the body parts are intended to be
presented simultaneously on hardware and software that are
capable of doing so. Composing agents should be aware that
many mail readers will lack this capability and will show the
parts serially in any event.
Multipart/Parallel will likely be used for multimedia messages
that combine such message types as text, audio and/or video.
Multipart/Digest
Indicates that each of the body parts is an RFC 822 mail
message. Multipart/Digest is syntactically identical to
Multipart/Mixed, except that the default Content-Type value
for a body part is changed from Text/Plain to Message/Rfc822.
Text
The text Content-Type is for sending material that is principally
textual in form. It is the default Content-Type. A Charset
parameter may be used to indicate the character set of the text.
The default Content-Type for Internet mail is
text/plain; Charset=US-ASCII.
The value of the Charset parameter is not case sensitive.
Allowable values are US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-2, ... and
ISO-8859-9. The default value for Charset is US-ASCII.
Text/Plain
indicates plain (unformatted) text. No special software is
required to get the full meaning of the text, aside from
support for the indicated character set. Other subtypes
should be used for enriched text in forms where application
software may enhance the appearance of the text, but such
software must not be required in order to get the general idea
of the content. Possible future subtypes include any readable
word processor format.
Text/Richtext
indicates a simple portable word processing format that is
defined by the MIME standard. It is a very small subset of
SGML. Mail readers that implement Richtext may implement only
a subset of it.
When a mail composing program is given a file in a word
processing format to send and there is no standardized subtype
for that format, then the message composing program may
reformat the file into richtext format which will preserve
more of the original formatting information than reformatting
the file to plain ASCII.
Video
indicates that the body contains a time-varying-picture image,
possibly with color and coordinated sound. The term Video is
used very generically and does not refer to any particular
technology or format. It is not meant to preclude subtypes
such as animated drawings encoded compactly.
Video/Mpeg
indicates video coded according to the MPEG standard.
x-TypeName
This is any type name that begins with X-. A Content-Type value
beginning with X- is a private value, to be used by consenting
mail systems by mutual agreement. The standard specifies no
subtypes.
No type may be specified without a subtype.
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