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<html><head><title>A Tour of NTL: Obtaining and Installing NTL for Windows and other Platforms </title></head><body bgcolor="#fff9e6"><center><a href="tour-unix.html"><img src="arrow1.gif" alt="[Previous]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour.html"><img src="arrow2.gif" alt="[Up]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour-impl.html"> <img src="arrow3.gif" alt="[Next]" align=bottom></a></center><h1> <p align=center>A Tour of NTL: Obtaining and Installing NTL for Windows and other Platforms</p></h1><p> <hr> <p>The WinNTL distribution of NTL can be used on any Windows 95 or NT platform(but not on Windows 3.11 or earlier).Actually, there is nothing Windows-specific about WinNTL.The source code is identical to the UNIX NTL distribution;only the packaging is slightly different, and no assumptionsare made about the program development environment.Thus, it should be possible to install WinNTL onother operating systems (e.g., Macintosh, OS/2)with little difficulty.<p><b>Obtaining and unpacking NTL.</b><p>To obtain the source code and documentation for NTL,<a href="http://www.shoup.net/ntl/download.html">download <tt>WinNTL-xxx.zip</tt></a>.Here, "<tt>xxx</tt>" is the current version number.Then <tt>unzip</tt> this file into a directory (folder).This will unpack everything into a directory called "<tt>WinNTL-xxx</tt>".Inside this directory, you will find several directories.<p><ul><li>The directory "<tt>doc</tt>" contains all of NTL's documentation,including this "tour" ("<tt>tour.html</tt>")and the "<tt>.txt</tt>" files explaining each module,which can be accessed directly, or through the "tour".<p><li>The directory "<tt>src</tt>"contains all of the source files for the library,all with "<tt>.cpp</tt>" extensions.The file "<tt>lip.cpp</tt>" can be compiled as a C source file(this can sometimes yield a marginal performance gain).<p><li>The directory "<tt>include</tt>" contains a single directory called "<tt>NTL</tt>",and the latter contains all of the "<tt>.h</tt>" files.</ul><p><b>Platform dependent macros.</b><p>In directory "<tt>include/NTL</tt>" there is a file called "<tt>mach_desc.h</tt>",which contains all of the platform-dependent macro definitions.The default settings should be correct for any x86- or Pentium-based system running Windows; however, the correct definitionscan depend on the compiler and run-time environment.Therefore, to be on the safe side,you might consider compiling and running the program <tt>MakeDesc</tt>,whose source files are in directory "<tt>MakeDesc</tt>".This program willdynamically builda correct "<tt>mach_desc.h</tt>" for your platform (processor, compiler, run-time environment).To get accurate results,you must compile this program using the level of optimization (or higher) that you will use for NTL.The program will print some diagnostics to the screen, and create the file "<tt>mach_desc.h</tt>" (in the currentdirectory, and not in the "<tt>include/NTL</tt>" directory,where it needs to go).<p><b>Configuration flags.</b><p>Also in directory "<tt>include/NTL</tt>" is a file called "<tt>config.h</tt>".You can edit this file to override some of NTL's default options for <i>basic configuration</i> and <i>performance</i>.<p><dl><dt><i>Basic configuration options.</i><dd>Most of the these flags are rather esoteric and can be safelyignored.<p>One exception to this is the <tt>NTL_STD_CXX</tt> flag(or perhaps just the <tt>NTL_PSTD_NNS</tt> flag) whichyou will want to set if you want to take advantage ofthe new <i>namespace</i> feature of <tt>C++</tt>.<a href="tour-stdcxx.html">Go here</a> for details.<p>Another exception are the flags to use GMP for potentiallyfaster long integer arithmetic.See the <a href="tour-gmp.html">GMP</a> section for more details.Note that getting GMP to run on Windows is a pain in the neck.If you really want to use GMP, use Unix or Linux!<p><dt><i>Performance options.</i><dd>These flags let you fine tune for best performance.can let the <i>configuration wizard</i>set them for you.<p><i>TIP for Pentium platforms:</i> <ul><li>Users running on a Pentium, or other x86-like processor,will almost surely want to set the <tt>NTL_LONG_LONG</tt> flag,or possibly the <tt>NTL_AVOID_FLOAT</tt> flag, in file <tt>config.h</tt>to get the best performance for long integer arithmetic.If you set either of these flags, you should also set the<tt>NTL_TBL_REM</tt> flag as well, to get the best performance for <tt>ZZ_pX</tt> arithmetic.<li>These flags can be useful on other platforms as well,especially on processors with slow int/float conversion.<li>The best thing is to experiment, and compile and run program <tt>Test</tt>to see the impact on the running time of various basic operations.</ul></dl><p>Note that the file "<tt>def_config.h</tt>"contains a backup copy of the original <tt>config.h</tt> file.<p><b>Test programs.</b><p>The directory "<tt>tests</tt>" contains several test programs.For each program <tt>FooTest</tt>, there is a source file"<tt>FooTest.cpp</tt>", and optionally two files "<tt>FooTestIn</tt>" and "<tt>FooTestOut</tt>".If the latter exist, then the program should be run withthe "<tt>FooTestIn</tt>" as standard input;correct output (printed to standard output) should matchthe contents of "<tt>FooTestOut</tt>" exactly;note that these programs also print diagnostic output on the screen(through standard error output).<p><b>Timing functions.</b><p>The directory "<tt>GetTime</tt>" contains several alternativedefinitions of the <tt>GetTime()</tt> function.The file "<tt>GetTime.cpp</tt>" in the "<tt>src</tt>" directory should be OK,but your compiler might like one of the definitions inthe directory "<tt>GetTime</tt>" better.<p><b>Other tools.</b><p>The directory "<tt>misc</tt>" contains a program <tt>newnames.cpp</tt>to help make thetransition to NTL version 3.5 from earlier versions of NTL.See the <a href="tour-changes.html">changes</a> section for more details.It also contains the programs <tt>gen_lip_gmp_aux.cpp</tt>and <tt>gen_gmp_aux.cpp</tt> that automatically generatethe auxilliary files needed when using NTL with GMP.You will have to look at the makefile in the Unix distributionto see how to use these.<p><b>Compiling NTL.</b><p>Since there are a number of incompatible compilers and program developmentenvironments available for Windows, no attempt has been made toprovide automatic tools for building and testing,as is done for the Unix distribution.Nevertheless,it should be straightforward to install NTL (even if it involves a bit ofpointing and clicking).First, compile all of the files in "<tt>src</tt>", and create a static library.Make sure the compiler knows where to find NTL's include files(directory "<tt>include</tt>" and <i>not</i> "<tt>include/NTL</tt>")Then, to compile a program using the library, make sure the compiler knows about the library and the directoryof NTL's include files.In any case, if you want to do any serious computations,you will certainly want to compile everything with yourcompiler's code optimizer on.<p>For the benefit of those who must use Microsoft Visual C++ on Windows,here are some steps for compiling and using NTL.These steps work with MSVC++ v6.While these steps seem to do the job,there may be other steps that work better.The following steps may be used to build the library,and to build and run program <tt>Test</tt>, as a simple<i>console application</i>, using the library.The instructions assume you have already unzipped NTL into a directory <tt>c:\mystuff</tt>,and are running the MSVC++ Development Studio.<p>I hope these instructions make some sense:I don't know a good language for accuratly describing the particular pointing an clicking steps.<p><pre>File -> New -> Projects project name: ntl location[default]: c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\MyProjects\ntl Click on Win32 static library Click on OK pre-compiled headers[default]: no MFC support[default]: no Click on Finish Click on OKProject -> Add to Project -> Files select all files in c:\mystuff\WinNTL-5_1a\src and click on OK.Project -> Settings -> C/C++ Category: Preprocessor. Additional include directories: c:\mystuff\WinNTL-5_1a\include. Click on OK.Build -> build ntl.libFile -> New -> Projects -> Win32 Console Application project name: test location[default]: c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\MyProjects\ntl Click on Win32 Console Application Click on OK What kind of windows application...? [default]: An empty project Click on Finish Click on OKProject -> Add to Project -> Files select the file c:\mystuff\WinNTL-5_1a\tests\Test.cpp Click on OKProject -> Add to Project -> Files select the file c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\MyProjects\ntl\Debug\ntl.lib Note: one must select Files of type: Library Files (.lib) to make this file visible in the pop-up window. Click on OKProject -> Settings -> C/C++ Category: Preprocessor. Additional include directories: c:\mystuff\WinNTL-5_1a\include. Click on OK.Build -> build test.exeBuild -> execute test.exe</pre><p><b>Further remarks.</b><p><p><i>TIP:</i> When writing programs using NTL, you should include files using the syntax<pre> #include <NTL/ZZ.h></pre>and <i>not</i> using a backslash ("<tt>\</tt>") as a delimiter.<p><i>TIP:</i> When writing <i>windows applications</i> using NTL(as opposed to <i>console applications</i>) you might want to compile your program with the <tt>NTL_NO_MIN_MAX</tt> macro defined.This suppresses the declaration of several <tt>min</tt>and <tt>max</tt> functions in file <tt>tools.h</tt> that conflictwith macro names in the MFC header files.Do not attempt to build the library with this macro defined -- onlyprograms that use the library.<p>NTL has been successfully installed and tested on Windows 95 platforms with both the Microsoft and Borland compilers.<p>If you have installed the Unix tools from <a href="http://www.cygnus.com">Cygnus</a>, then you can use the<a href="tour-unix.html">Unix</a> distribution of NTL.This distribution has been specially tailored to work smoothlywith Cygnus tools.For many programmers,this is a much more comfortable and reliable program development environmentthan commercial systems like those from Microsoft and Borland.And moreover, these Unix tools are <i>free</i>.Of course, an even better approach is to install<a href="http://www.linux.org">Linux</a> on your PC.<p><center><a href="tour-unix.html"><img src="arrow1.gif" alt="[Previous]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour.html"><img src="arrow2.gif" alt="[Up]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour-impl.html"> <img src="arrow3.gif" alt="[Next]" align=bottom></a></center></body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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