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<html><head><title>A Tour of NTL: Obtaining and Installing NTL for UNIX </title></head><body bgcolor="#fff9e6"><center><a href="tour-stdcxx.html"><img src="arrow1.gif" alt="[Previous]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour.html"><img src="arrow2.gif" alt="[Up]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour-win.html"> <img src="arrow3.gif" alt="[Next]" align=bottom></a></center><h1> <p align=center>A Tour of NTL: Obtaining and Installing NTL for UNIX </p></h1><p> <hr> <p>To obtain the source code and documentation for NTL,<a href="http://www.shoup.net/ntl/download.html">download <tt>ntl-xxx.tar.gz</tt></a>,placing it a directory, and then, working in this directory,do the following.Here, "<tt>xxx</tt>" denotes the current version number.<p><b>Step 1.</b>Extract the source files by executing:<pre> % gunzip ntl-xxx.tar.gz % tar xvf ntl-xxx.tar</pre><p>Note that this will unpack everything into a sub-directory <tt>ntl-xxx</tt>,creating this directory if necessary.Next:<pre> % cd ntl-xxx % ls</pre>You should see a file "<tt>README</tt>", and directories "<tt>include</tt>", "<tt>doc</tt>", and "<tt>src</tt>".The directory "<tt>doc</tt>" contains all the documentation.The file "<tt>doc/tour.html</tt>" contains a copy of the on-line documentation.The directory "<tt>include</tt>" contains all the header files within a subdirectory"<tt>include/NTL</tt>".The directory "<tt>src</tt>" contains everything else.Go there now:<pre> % cd src</pre><p><b>Step 2.</b>Run the configuration script.<p>Execute the command<pre> % ./configure [ variable=value ]...</pre>This configure script generates the file "<tt>makefile</tt>" and the file"<tt>../include/NTL/config.h</tt>", based upon the values assigned to thevariables on the command line.<p>Here are the most important variables, and their default values.<p><pre> CC=gcc # The C compiler CXX=g++ # The C++ compiler CFLAGS=-O2 # C complilation flags CXXFLAGS=$(CFLAGS) # C++ compilation flags (by default, same as CFLAGS) PREFIX=/usr/local # Directory in which to install NTL library components NTL_STD_CXX=off # ISO Mode switch NTL_GMP_LIP=off # Switch 'on' to enable the use of GMP as the primary # long integer package NTL_GMP_HACK=off # Switch 'on' to enable the use of GMP as a supplemental # long integer package GMP_PREFIX=none # Directory in which GMP components have been installed</pre><p><i>Examples.</i><p><ul><li>If you are happy with all the default values, run:<pre> % ./configure</pre>Actually, the initially installed <tt>makefile</tt> and <tt>config.h</tt> filesalready reflect the default values, and you do not have to even runthe configure script.<p><li>If your C/C++ compilers are called cc/CC, run:<pre> % ./configure CC=cc CXX=CC</pre><p><li>If you want to use, say, the options <tt>-g</tt> and <tt>-O</tt> for compiling <tt>C</tt> and <tt>C++</tt>, run:<pre> % ./configure "CFLAGS=-g -O"</pre>Note the use of quotes to keep the argument in one piece.<p><li>If <a href="tour-gmp.html">GMP (the GNU Multi-Precision package)</a> is installed in a standard system directory, and you want to use itto obtain better performance for long integer arithemtic, run:<pre> % ./configure NTL_GMP_LIP=on</pre>If GMP was installed in a non-standard directory <tt><gmp_prefix></tt>,so that <tt><gmp_prefix>/include</tt> contains <tt>gmp.h</tt>and <tt><gmp_prefix>/lib</tt> contains <tt>libgmp.a</tt>,run:<pre> % ./configure NTL_GMP_LIP=on GMP_PREFIX=<gmp_prefix></pre>Go <a href="tour-gmp.html">here</a> for complete details.<p><li>If you want to use <a href="tour-stdcxx.html">ISO mode to enable namespaces</a>, run:<pre> % ./configure NTL_STD_CXX=on</pre><p><li>If you want to install NTL in directory <tt><prefix></tt>,run:<pre> % ./configure PREFIX=<prefix></pre></ul><p>There are a number of more esoteric configuration variables that can be set.See <a href="config.txt"><tt>config.txt</tt></a> for a completedescription.<p>Note that all of these configuration options can also be setby editing the two files <tt>makefile</tt>and <tt>../include/NTL/def_config.h</tt> by hand.These files are fairly simple and well documented, and so this is nottoo hard to do.<p>Note that the file "<tt>../include/NTL/def_config.h</tt>"contains a backup copy of the original <tt>config.h</tt> file,and that the file "<tt>def_makefile</tt>"contains a backup copy of the original <tt>makefile</tt> file.<p>This command is intended only as a convenience and -- more importantly -- to allow the configuration processto be script driven.This script does not perform any "magic", like finding out whatthe local C compiler is called, etc. If the defaults are notcorrect for your platform, you have to set an appropriate variable.<p><b>Step 3.</b>Execute <tt>make</tt>.<p>Just type:<pre> % make</pre><p>The build process after this point is fully automatic.But here is a description of what happens.<p><ol><li>The makefile builds the file "<tt>../include/NTL/mach_desc.h</tt>", which defines some machine characteristicssuch as word size and machine precision.This is done by compiling and running a <tt>C</tt> programcalled <tt>MakeDesc</tt>that figures out these characteristics on itsown, and prints some diagnostics to the terminal.<p><li>A script is run that "automagically"determines the best way to write a timing functionon your platform.It tries different routines in the files <tt>GetTime1.c</tt>,<tt>GetTime2.c</tt>, etc., and when it finds a good one,it copies the file into <tt>GetTime.c</tt>.<p><li>The files "<tt>lip_gmp_aux.c</tt>" and "<tt>../include/NTL/gmp_aux.h</tt>"are generated for use with GMP.If not using GMP, these files are still created, but they are empty.<p><li>The configuration wizard script is run.This script works in a sub-directory, compiling several programs,and performing a number of timing experiments,in order to determine the optimal setting for a number of flagsin the file <tt>../include/NTL/config.h</tt>.When the script finishes (it may take several minutes),you will be told what the wizard thinks are the best settings,and your <tt>config.h</tt> file will be automatically updated.Note that any flags you set in Step 2 will be ineffect while the wizard runs, and will be retained in the updated<tt>config.h</tt> file, with the exception of the flags<pre> NTL_LONG_LONG NTL_AVOID_FLOAT NTL_TBL_REM NTL_AVOID_BRANCHING NTL_FFT_PIPELINE</pre>which are set by the wizard. Also note that if you <i>do not</i> want the wizard to run,you should pass <tt>WIZARD=off</tt> to the configure script;however, this is not recommended.<p><li>The makefile will compile all the source files,and then creates the library "<tt>ntl.a</tt>" in the current directory.</ol><p>Note that for finer control you can optionally break up this process into the fourcomponent steps:<pre> % make setup1 % make setup2 % make setup3 % make setup4 % make ntl.a</pre><p><p><b>After NTL is built.</b><p>Executing <tt>make check</tt> runs a series of timing and test programs.It is a good idea to run this to see if everything reallywent well.<p>Executing <tt>make install</tt>copies a number of files to a directory <tt><prefix></tt> that youspecify by passing <tt>PREFIX=<prefix></tt>as an argument to <tt>configure</tt> at configuration time,or as an argument to <tt>make install</tt> at installation time.The default is <tt>/usr/local</tt>, so either you need root permissions, or you choose a <tt><prefix></tt> for whichyou have write permission.The files <tt>../include/NTL/*</tt> are copied into<tt><prefix>/include/NTL</tt>.The file <tt>ntl.a</tt> is copied to <tt><prefix>/lib/libntl.a</tt>.The files <tt>../doc/*</tt> are copied into<tt><prefix>/doc/NTL</tt>.<p>You can also "fine tune" the installation procedure further.See the <a href="config.txt">configure documentation</a> for details.<p>Executing <tt>make uninstall</tt> undoes <tt>make install</tt>.<p>Executing <tt>make clobber</tt> essentiallyundoes <tt>make</tt>.<i>Make sure you do this if you re-build NTL for a different architecture!</i><p>Executing <tt>make clean</tt> will remove object files, but not <tt>ntl.a</tt>.To rebuild after executing <tt>make clean</tt>, execute <tt>make ntl.a</tt>.<p>Assuming you have installed NTL as above,to compile a program <tt>foo.c</tt> that uses NTL,execute<pre> g++ -I<prefix>/include; -L<prefix>/lib foo.c -o foo -lntl -lm</pre>This compiles <tt>foo.c</tt> as a <tt>C++</tt> programand creates the binary <tt>foo</tt>.<p>If you built NTL using <a href="tour-gmp.html">GMP</a>, execute:<pre> g++ -I<prefix>/include -L<prefix>/lib -L<gmp_prefix>/lib foo.c -lntl -lgmp -lm</pre><p>Of course, if <tt><prefix></tt> and <tt><gmp_prefix></tt>are the same, you do not need to duplicate the <tt>-L</tt> flags, and if either are standard directories, like <tt>/usr/local</tt>,you can leave out the corresponding <tt>-I</tt> and <tt>-L</tt>flags altogether.<p>This works even if you are not working in the directoryin which you built NTL.If you <i>are</i> working in that directory, you can just execute<pre> make foo</pre><p><p><p><b>Known build problems.</b><p>NTL should compile without errors.The only known problems on Unix systems are due to compiler bugs.In particular, some versions of <tt>g++</tt> on some platformsmay cause the compiler to crash.<p>I have had reports that version 2.96 of <tt>g++</tt> has thisproblem on some platforms, although I have not been able to re-createthe problem on any platform that I have access to (even with v2.96).<p>I also have reports that other versions of <tt>g++</tt> crashwhen compiling NTL on a DEC Alpha.<p>Hopefully, these and similar bugs in <tt>g++</tt> will eventuallybe fixed by the <tt>g++</tt> people.In the meantime, a very crude work-around is to compile the filesthat cause <tt>g++</tt> to crash without optimization.An easy way to do this is as follows:<ol><li>if the build crashes compiling, say, <tt>foo.c</tt>,copy <tt>makefile</tt> to, say, <tt>mf2</tt>;edit file <tt>mf2</tt>, deleting the <tt>-O2</tt> from the <tt>CFLAGS</tt>definition;<li>run the command <tt>make -f mf2 foo.o</tt>;<li>assuming that worked OK, run the command <tt>make ntl.a</tt>;<li>if it crashes again, say on file <tt>bar.c</tt>,run the command <tt>make -f mf2 bar.o</tt>;<li>run the command <tt>make ntl.a</tt>, repeating steps 4 and 5 as necessary.</ol><p>If you have build problems such as this,it would be quite useful to other NTL users if youcould experiment with the code a bit,and try to find an equivalent way to write the problem code so thatthe compiler does not crash.I will then try to get these work-arounds into future NTL releases.<p> <p><center><a href="tour-stdcxx.html"><img src="arrow1.gif" alt="[Previous]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour.html"><img src="arrow2.gif" alt="[Up]" align=bottom></a> <a href="tour-win.html"> <img src="arrow3.gif" alt="[Next]" align=bottom></a></center></body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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