.\" SCCSID: @(#)refer.1	8.2	10/24/90.TH refer 1.SH Namerefer \- find and format bibliographic references .SH Syntax.B refer[\fB\-a\fR] [\fB\-b\fR] [\fB\-c\fR] [\fB\-e\fR] [\fB\-f\fIn\fR\|] [\fB\-k\fIx\fR\|] [\fB\-l\fIm,n\fR\|] [\fB\-n\fR] [\fB\-p\fI bib\fR\|] [\fB\-s\fIkeys\fR\|] [\fB\-B\fIl.m\fR\|] [\fB\-P\fR] [\fB\-S\fR] [\|\fIfile...\fR\|].SH Description.NXR "refer preprocessor".NXR "bibliography" "searching".NXR "refer preprocessor" "addbib program".NXR "refer preprocessor" "sortbib command".NXR "refer preprocessor" "roffbib text processor".NXR "refer preprocessor" "lookbib command".NXR "nroff text processor" "refer preprocessor".NXR "footnote" "formatting".NXR "endnote" "formatting"The.PN refercommandis a preprocessor for.PN *roffthat finds and formats references for footnotes or endnotes.It is also the base for a series of programs designed toindex, search, sort, and print stand-alone bibliographies,or other data entered in the appropriate form..PPGiven an incomplete citation with sufficiently precise keywords,.PN referwill search a bibliographic database for referencescontaining these keywords anywhere in the title, author, journal, andso forth.The input file (or standard input)is copied to standard output,except for lines between .[ and .] delimiters,which are assumed to contain keywords,and are replaced by information from the bibliographic database.The user may also search different databases,override particular fields, or add new fields.The reference data, from whatever source, are assigned to a set of.PN *roffstrings.Macro packages such as.MS ms 7print the finished reference text from these strings.By default references are flagged by footnote numbers..SH Options.NXR "refer preprocessor" "options"The following options are available:.IP \fB\-a\fIr\fR 12Reverses order of firstauthor names. For example, Jones, J. A. instead of J. A. Jones.If.I nis omitted all author names are reversed..IP \fB\-B\fIl.m\fR Bibliography mode.Take a file composed of records separated by blank lines,and turn them into.B *roffinput.Label.I lis turned into the macro.I \&.mwith.I ldefaulting to.B %Xand.I \&.mdefaulting to.B \&.AP(annotation paragraph)..IP \fB\-b\fR Creates bare entries:  no flags, numbers, or labels.  .IP \fB\-c\fIkeys\fR Capitalizes fields whose key letters are in string.  .IP \fB\-e\fR Accumulates all references in one list.  Default is to create references where encountered in text.  Accumulate them until a sequence of the form.EX  .[  $LIST$  .].EE.bris encountered, and then write out all references collected so far..IP \fB\-f\fIn\fR Set the footnote number to.I ninstead of the default of 1 (one).With labels rather than numbers,this flag is a no-op..IP \fB\-k\fIx\fR Uses specified label in place of numbering for each reference data line beginning %.I x:.  By default .I xis .B L..IP \fB\-l\fIm,n\fR Instead of numbering references, use labels made fromthe senior author's last name and the year of publication.Only the first.I mletters of the last nameand the last.I ndigits of the date are used.If either.I mor.I nis omitted the entire name or date respectively is used..IP \fB\-P\fR Places punctuation marks .,:;?! after the reference signal,rather than before.(Periods and commas used to be done with strings.).IP \fB\-n\fR Do not search the default file /usr/dict/papers/Ind.If there is a REFER environment variable,the specified file is searched instead of the default file;in this case the.B \-nflag has no effect..IP \fB\-p\fIbib\fR Specifies file to be searched before.PN /usr/dict/papers.  .IP \fB\-S\fR Produce references in the Natural or Social Science format..IP \fB\-s\fIkeys\fR Uses specified key in sorting references.  Implies.BR \-e .The key-letters in.I keysmay be followed by a number to indicate how many such fieldsare used, with.B +taken as a very large number.The default is.B ADwhich sorts on the senior author and then date; to sort, for example,on all authors and then title use.BR \-sA+T ..PPTo use your own references,put them in the format described below.They can be searched more rapidly by running.MS indxbib 1on them before using.PN refer .Failure to index results in a linear search.When.PN referis used with the.PN eqn ,.PN neqnor.PN tblpreprocessors.PN refershould be first, to minimize the volumeof data passed through pipes..PPThe.PN referpreprocessor and associated programsexpect input from a file of referencescomposed of records separated by blank lines.A record is a set of lines (fields),each containing one kind of information.Fields start on a line beginning with a ``%'',followed by a key-letter, then a blank,and finally the contents of the field,and continue until the next line starting with ``%''.The output ordering and formatting of fieldsis controlled by the macros specified for.PN *roff(for footnotes and endnotes) or.PN roffbib(for stand-alone bibliographies).For a list of the most common key-lettersand their corresponding fields, see.MS addbib 1 .An example of a.PN referentry is given below..SH Restrictions.NXR "refer preprocessor" "restricted"Blank spaces at the end of lines in bibliography fieldswill cause the records to sort and reverse incorrectly.Sorting large numbers of references causes a core dump..SH Examples.EX%A   M. E. Lesk%T   Some Applications of Inverted Indexes on the \s-1UNIX\s0 System%B   UNIX Programmer's Manual  \"TITLE_EXEMPT\"%V   2b%I   Bell Laboratories%C   Murray Hill, NJ%D   1978.EE.SH Files.TP 20.PN /usr/dict/papersdirectory of default publication lists.TP.PN /usr/lib/refer  directory of companion programs.SH See Alsoaddbib(1), sortbib(1), roffbib(1), indxbib(1), lookbib(1)