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<td width="90%"><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><b>JDBC 驅動程序 URL</b></font></td><td width="200" align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><nobr>   第 3 頁（共9 頁）</nobr></font></td>
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一旦 JDBC 驅動程序用 <code>DriverManager</code> 注冊了，就可以用于建立到數據庫的連接。但是很多不同的驅動程序都可能被實際注冊過，<code>DriverManager</code> 怎樣選擇正確的驅動程序呢？（請記住，單個的 JVM 可能支持多個并發應用程序，它們可能用不同的驅動程序連接到不同的數據庫。）方法非常簡單：每個 JDBC 驅動程序使用一個專門的 JDBC URL（它與 Web 地址有相同的格式）作為自我標識的一種方法。URL 的格式是直觀的，看起來還可能很熟悉：<code>jdbc:<i>sub-protocol</i>:<i>database locator</i></code>。<i>子協議（sub-protocol）</i>與 JDBC 驅動程序有關，可以是 <i>odbc</i>、<i>oracle</i>、<i>db2</i> 等等，根據實際的 JDBC 驅動程序廠商而不同。<i>數據庫定位器（database locator）</i>是與驅動程序有關的指示器，用于唯一指定應用程序要和哪個數據庫進行交互。根據驅動程序的類型，該定位器可能包括主機名、端口和數據庫系統名。
</p>
<p>
當提供了具體的 URL 之后，<code>DriverManager</code> 在已注冊的驅動程序集合中循環，直到其中一個驅動程序識別出指定的 URL。如果沒有發現適合的驅動程序，就拋出一個 <code>SQLException</code>。
下面的清單說明了幾個實際 JDBC URL 的具體示例：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>jdbc:odbc:jdbc</code>
</li>
<li>
<code>jdbc:oracle:thin:@persistentjava.com:1521:jdbc";</code>
</li>
<li>
<code>jdbc:db2:jdbc</code>
</li>
</ul>
<p>很多驅動程序（包括 JDBC-ODBC 橋驅動程序）接受在 URL 末尾的附加參數，如用戶名和密碼。
</p>
<p>
給定具體的 JDBC URL，獲取數據庫連接的方法就是在 <code>DriverManager</code> 對象上調用 <code>getConnection()</code>。這種方法有幾種形式：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>DriverManager.getConnection(url) ; </code>
</li>
<li>
<code>DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password) ; </code>
</li>
<li>
<code>DriverManager.getConnection(url, dbproperties) ; </code>
</li>
</ul>
<p>在這里，<code>url</code> 是一個 <code>String</code> 對象，也就是 JDBC URL；用戶名和密碼是 <code>String</code> 對象，它們是 JDBC 應用程序要用來連接到數據源的用戶名和密碼；而 <code>dbproperties</code> 是一個包括所有參數（可能包括用戶名和密碼）的 Java <code>properties</code> 對象，JDBC 驅動程序需要這些參數作成功的連接。
</p>
<p>
現在我們掌握了驅動程序的基礎知識，就可以更詳細地檢查個別的驅動程序類型了。
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