// memory stl/clr header
#ifndef _CLI_MEMORY_
#define _CLI_MEMORY_
#include <cliext/iterator>
#include <cliext/utility>	// for pair

#ifdef _M_CEE_SAFE
 #define _PAIR_TYPE(iter_t)	cliext::pair<iter_t, iter_t>	// iterator pair
 #define _PAIR_TYPE2(iter1_t, iter2_t)	\
	cliext::pair<iter1_t, iter2_t>	// iterator pair

 #define _STLCLRDB_ERROR(mesg)
 #define _STLCLRDB_LT(left, right)	((left) < (right))
 #define _STLCLRDB_LT_PRED(pred, left, right)	((pred)(left, right))

 #define _STLCLRDB_POINTER(first)

 #define _STLCLRDB_ORDER(first, last)
 #define _STLCLRDB_ORDER_PRED(first, last, pred)

 #define _STLCLRDB_RANGE(first, last)

#else /* _M_CEE_SAFE */
 #include <climits>	// for CHAR_MAX, UCHAR_MAX
 #include <cstddef>	// for ptrdiff_t, size_t
 #include <cstring>	// form mem* functions
 #include <new>		// for placement new
 #include <utility>	// for std::pair
 #include <xutility>	// for CHAR_MAX, UCHAR_MAX, iterator debugging

 #define _PAIR_TYPE(iter_t) typename cliext::_Pick_pair< \
	__is_value_class(iter_t) || __is_ref_class(iter_t), \
	iter_t, iter_t>::value_type
 #define _PAIR_TYPE2(iter1_t, iter2_t) typename cliext::_Pick_pair< \
	__is_value_class(iter1_t) || __is_ref_class(iter1_t), \
	iter1_t, iter2_t>::value_type	// both managed or both unmanaged

namespace cliext {
template<bool _Is_managed,
	typename _Value1_t,
	typename _Value2_t>
	class _Pick_pair;	// select managed or unmanaged type

template<typename _Value1_t,
	typename _Value2_t>
	class _Pick_pair<false, _Value1_t, _Value2_t>
	{	// define unmanaged type
public:
	typedef std::pair<_Value1_t, _Value2_t> value_type;
	};

template<typename _Value1_t,
	typename _Value2_t>
	class _Pick_pair<true, _Value1_t, _Value2_t>
	{	// define managed type
public:
	typedef cliext::pair<_Value1_t, _Value2_t> value_type;
	};
}	// namespace cliext

 #if _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING
  #ifndef _STLCLRDB_REPORT
   #define _STLCLRDB_REPORT(mesg, file, line)	\
	std::_Debug_message(mesg, file, line)
 #endif /* _STLCLRDB_REPORT */

  #define _STLCLRDB_ERROR(mesg)	\
	_STLCLRDB_REPORT(mesg, __FILEW__, __LINE__)

  #define _STLCLRDB_LT(left, right)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_lt(left, right, __FILEW__, __LINE__)
  #define _STLCLRDB_LT_PRED(pred, left, right)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_lt_pred(pred, left, right, __FILEW__, __LINE__)

  #define _STLCLRDB_POINTER(first)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_pointer(first, __FILEW__, __LINE__)
  #define _STLCLRDB_POINTER2(first, filew, line)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_pointer(first, filew, line)

  #define _STLCLRDB_ORDER(first, last)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_order(first, last, __FILEW__, __LINE__)
  #define _STLCLRDB_ORDER_PRED(first, last, pred)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_order(first, last, pred, __FILEW__, __LINE__)

  #define _STLCLRDB_RANGE(first, last)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_range(first, last,  __FILEW__, __LINE__)
  #define _STLCLRDB_RANGE2(first, last, filew, line)	\
	cliext::_Stlclrdb_range(first, last, filew, line)

namespace cliext {
template<class _Ty1, class _Ty2> inline
	bool _Stlclrdb_lt(_Ty1% _Left, _Ty2% _Right,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test if _Left < _Right and operator< is strict weak ordering
	if (!(_Left < _Right))
		return (false);
	else if (_Right < _Left)
		_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"invalid operator<", _File, _Line);
	return (true);
	}

template<class _Pr, class _Ty1, class _Ty2> inline
	bool _Stlclrdb_lt_pred(_Pr _Pred, _Ty1% _Left, _Ty2% _Right,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test if _Pred(_Left, _Right) and _Pred is strict weak ordering
	if (!_Pred(_Left, _Right))
		return (false);
	else if (_Pred(_Right, _Left))
		_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"invalid operator<", _File, _Line);
	return (true);
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION _Stlclrdb_pointer
template<class _InIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_pointer(_InIt%, const wchar_t *, unsigned int)
	{	// test pointer for non-singularity, arbitrary type
	}

template<class _Ty> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_pointer(const _Ty *_First, const wchar_t *_File,
		unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test iterator for non-singularity, const pointers
	if (_First == 0)
		_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"invalid null pointer", _File, _Line);
	}

template<class _Ty> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_pointer(_Ty *_First, const wchar_t *_File,
		unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test iterator for non-singularity, pointers
	if (_First == 0)
		_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"invalid null pointer", _File, _Line);
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION _Stlclrdb_order
template<class _InIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_order2(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line, input_iterator_tag)
	{	// test if range is ordered by operator<, input iterators
	}

template<class _FwdIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_order2(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line, forward_iterator_tag)
	{	// test if range is ordered by operator<, forward iterators
	for (_FwdIt _Next = _First; _First != _Last && ++_Next != _Last; ++_First)
		if (_STLCLRDB_LT(*_Next, *_First))
			_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"sequence not ordered", _File, _Line);
	}

template<class _InIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_order(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test is range is ordered by operator<
	_STLCLRDB_RANGE2(_First, _Last, _File, _Line);
	_Stlclrdb_order2(_First, _Last, _File, _Line, _Iter_category(_First));
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION _Stlclrdb_order WITH PRED
template<class _InIt,
	class _Pr> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_order2(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Pr _Pred,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line, input_iterator_tag)
	{	// test if range is ordered by predicate, input iterators
	}

template<class _FwdIt,
	class _Pr> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_order2(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last, _Pr _Pred,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line, forward_iterator_tag)
	{	// test if range is ordered by predicate, forward iterators
	for (_FwdIt _Next = _First; _First != _Last && ++_Next != _Last; ++_First)
		if (_STLCLRDB_LT_PRED(_Pred, *_Next, *_First))
			_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"sequence not ordered", _File, _Line);
	}

template<class _InIt,
	class _Pr> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_order(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Pr _Pred,
		const wchar_t *_File, unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test if range is ordered by predicate
	_STLCLRDB_RANGE2(_First, _Last, _File, _Line);
	_STLCLRDB_POINTER2(_Pred, _File, _Line);
	_Stlclrdb_order2(_First, _Last, _Pred, _File, _Line,
		_Iter_category(_First));
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION _Stlclrdb_range
template<class _InIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_range2(_InIt, _InIt,
		const wchar_t *, unsigned int, input_iterator_tag)
	{	// test iterator pair for valid range, arbitrary iterators
	}

template<class _RanIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_range2(_RanIt _First, _RanIt _Last,
		const wchar_t *_Filew, unsigned int _Line,
		random_access_iterator_tag)
	{	// test iterator pair for valid range, random-access iterators
	if (_First != _Last)
		{	// check for non-null pointers, valid range
		_STLCLRDB_POINTER2(_First, _Filew, _Line);
		_STLCLRDB_POINTER2(_Last, _Filew, _Line);
		if (_Last < _First)
			_STLCLRDB_REPORT(L"invalid iterator range", _Filew, _Line);
		}
	}

template<class _InIt> inline
	void _Stlclrdb_range(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last,
		const wchar_t *_Filew, unsigned int _Line)
	{	// test iterator pair for valid range
	_Stlclrdb_range2(_First, _Last, _Filew, _Line, _Iter_category(_First));
	}
} // namespace cliext

 #else /* _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING */
  #define _STLCLRDB_LT(left, right)	((left) < (right))
  #define _STLCLRDB_LT_PRED(pred, left, right)	((pred)(left, right))

  #define _STLCLRDB_POINTER(first)

  #define _STLCLRDB_ORDER(first, last)
  #define _STLCLRDB_ORDER_PRED(first, last, pred)

  #define _STLCLRDB_RANGE(first, last)
 #endif /* _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING */
#endif /* _M_CEE_SAFE */

namespace cliext {
//
// UN/MANAGED TEMP BUFFER SELECTOR
//
template<typename _Value_t>
	value class _Temp_gc_iterator;

template<typename _Value_t>
	class _Temp_iterator;

#ifdef _M_CEE_SAFE
 #define _TEMP_ITER(iter_t, value_t) _Temp_gc_iterator<value_t>

#else /* _M_CEE_SAFE */
 #define _TEMP_ITER(iter_t, value_t) typename cliext::_Pick_tbuf< \
	__is_value_class(iter_t) || __is_ref_class(iter_t), value_t>::value_type

template<bool _Is_managed,
	typename _Value_t>
	class _Pick_tbuf;	// select managed or unmanaged type

template<typename _Value_t>
	class _Pick_tbuf<false, _Value_t>
	{	// define unmanaged type
public:
	typedef cliext::_Temp_iterator<_Value_t> value_type;
	};

template<typename _Value_t>
	class _Pick_tbuf<true, _Value_t>
	{	// define managed type
public:
	typedef cliext::_Temp_gc_iterator<_Value_t> value_type;
	};

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION get_temporary_buffer
template<class _Ty> inline
	pair<_Ty *, std::ptrdiff_t>
		get_temporary_buffer(std::ptrdiff_t _Count)
	{	// get raw temporary buffer of up to _Count elements
	_Ty *_Pbuf;

	if (_Count < 0)
		_Count = 0;
	for (_Pbuf = 0; 0 < _Count; _Count /= 2)
		try
			{	// try to allocate storage
			_Pbuf = (_Ty *)::operator new(_Count * sizeof (_Ty));
			break;
			}
		catch (...)
			{	// loop if new fails
			}

	return (pair<_Ty *, std::ptrdiff_t>(_Pbuf, _Count));
	}

		// TEMPLATE FUNCTION return_temporary_buffer
template<class _Ty> inline
	void return_temporary_buffer(_Ty *_Pbuf)
	{	// delete raw temporary buffer
	::operator delete(_Pbuf);
	}

		// TEMPLATE CLASS _Temp_iterator
template<class _Ty>
	class _Temp_iterator
	{	// wrap stores to unmanaged temporary buffer as output iterator
public:
	typedef _Temp_iterator<_Ty> _Mytype_t;
	typedef _Ty *_Pty;
	typedef output_iterator_tag iterator_category;

	_Temp_iterator(std::ptrdiff_t _Count = 0)
		{	// construct from desired temporary buffer size
		_Buf._Begin = 0;
		_Buf._Current = 0;
		_Buf._Hiwater = 0;
		_Buf._Size = _Count;	// memorize size for lazy allocation
		_Pbuf = &_Buf;
		}

	_Temp_iterator(const _Temp_iterator& _Right)
		{	// construct from _Right (share active buffer)
		_Buf._Begin = 0;	// clear stored buffer, for safe destruction
		_Buf._Current = 0;
		_Buf._Hiwater = 0;
		_Buf._Size = 0;
		*this = _Right;
		}

	~_Temp_iterator()
		{	// destroy the object
		if (_Buf._Begin != 0)
			{	// destroy any constructed elements in buffer
			for (_Pty _Next = _Buf._Begin;
				_Next != _Buf._Hiwater; ++_Next)
				_Next->~_Ty();
			return_temporary_buffer(_Buf._Begin);
			}
		}

	_Temp_iterator& operator=(const _Temp_iterator& _Right)
		{	// assign _Right (share active buffer)
		_Pbuf = _Right._Pbuf;
		return (*this);
		}

	_Temp_iterator& operator=(_Ty& _Val)
		{	// assign or construct value into active buffer, and increment
		if (_Pbuf->_Current < _Pbuf->_Hiwater)
			*_Pbuf->_Current++ = _Val;	// below high water mark, assign
		else
			{	// above high water mark, construct
			_Pty _Ptr = &*_Pbuf->_Current;
			::new (_Ptr) _Ty(_Val);
			_Pbuf->_Hiwater = ++_Pbuf->_Current;
			}
		return (*this);
		}

	_Temp_iterator& operator*()
		{	// pretend to return designated value
		return (*this);
		}

	_Temp_iterator& operator++()
		{	// pretend to preincrement
		return (*this);
		}

	_Temp_iterator& operator++(int)
		{	// pretend to postincrement
		return (*this);
		}

	_Temp_iterator& _Init()
		{	// set pointer at beginning of buffer
		_Pbuf->_Current = _Pbuf->_Begin;
		return (*this);
		}

	_Pty _First() const
		{	// return pointer to beginning of buffer
		return (_Pbuf->_Begin);
		}

	_Pty _Last() const
		{	// return pointer past end of buffer contents
		return (_Pbuf->_Current);
		}

	std::ptrdiff_t _Maxlen()
		{	// return size of buffer
		if (_Pbuf->_Begin == 0 && 0 < _Pbuf->_Size)
			{	// allocate buffer on first size query
			pair<_Pty, std::ptrdiff_t> _Pair =
				get_temporary_buffer<_Ty>(_Pbuf->_Size);

			_Pbuf->_Begin = _Pair.first;
			_Pbuf->_Current = _Pair.first;
			_Pbuf->_Hiwater = _Pair.first;
			_Pbuf->_Size = _Pair.second;
			}
		return (_Pbuf->_Size);
		}

//_STLCLR_FIELD_ACCESS:
	struct _Bufpar
		{	// control information for a temporary buffer
		_Pty _Begin;	// pointer to beginning of buffer
		_Pty _Current;	// pointer to next available element
		_Pty _Hiwater;	// pointer to first unconstructed element
		std::ptrdiff_t _Size;	// length of buffer
		};

	_Bufpar _Buf;	// buffer control stored in iterator
	_Bufpar *_Pbuf;	// pointer to active buffer control
	};
#endif /* _M_CEE_SAFE */

		// TEMPLATE CLASS _Temp_gc_iterator
template<class _Ty>
	value class _Temp_gc_iterator
	{	// wrap stores to managed temporary buffer as output iterator
public:
	typedef _Temp_gc_iterator<_Ty> _Mytype_t;
	typedef cli::array<_Ty> _Myarray_t;
	typedef ArrayContainer<_Ty> _Mycont_t;
	typedef typename _Mycont_t::iterator iterator;

	_Temp_gc_iterator(int _Count)
		:	_Mysize(_Count), _Mycont(nullptr), _Next(nullptr)
		{	// construct from desired temporary buffer size
		}

	static _Ty% operator*(_Temp_gc_iterator% _Left)
		{	// return designated value
		return (_Left._Next->get_ref());
		}

	_Temp_gc_iterator operator++()
		{	// preincrement
		_Next->next();
		return (*this);
		}

	iterator operator++(int)
		{	// postincrement
		iterator _Temp = *_Next;

		_Next->next();
		return (_Temp);
		}

	_Temp_gc_iterator _Init()
		{	// set pointer at beginning of buffer
		*_Next = _Mycont->begin();
		return (*this);
		}

	iterator _First()
		{	// return pointer to beginning of buffer
		return (_Mycont->begin());
		}

	iterator _Last()
		{	// return pointer past end of buffer contents
		return (*_Next);
		}