Linux kernel release 1.0These are the release notes for linux version 1.0.  Read them carefully,as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install thekernel, and what to do if something goes wrong. WHAT IS LINUX?  Linux is a Unix clone for 386/486-based PCs written from scratch by  Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers  across the Net.  It aims towards POSIX compliance.   It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged  Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries,  demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory  management and TCP/IP networking.   It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the  accompanying COPYING file for more details. INSTALLING the kernel: - If you install the full sources, do a		cd /usr/src		tar xvf linux-1.0.tar   to get it all put in place. - if you install by patching, you need a *clean* 0.99.15 source tree,   which presumably exists in /usr/src/linux.  If so, to get the kernel   patched, just do a		cd /usr/src		patch -p0 < linux-1.0.patch   and you should be ok.  You may want to remove the backup files (xxx~   or xxx.orig), and make sure that there are no failed patches (xxx# or   xxx.rej). - make sure your /usr/include/linux and /usr/include/asm directories   are just symlinks to the kernel sources:		cd /usr/include		rm -rf linux		rm -rf asm		ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux .		ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm . - make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around:		cd /usr/src/linux		make mrproper   You should now have the sources correctly installed.CONFIGURING the kernel: - do a "make config" to configure the basic kernel.  "make config"   needs bash to work: it will search for bash in $BASH, /bin/bash and   /bin/sh (in that order), so hopefully one of those is correct. 	NOTES on "make config":	- having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can	  under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a	  nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers	- compiling the kernel with "-m486" for a number of 486-specific	  will result in a kernel that still works on a 386: it may be	  slightly larger and possibly slower by an insignificant amount,	  but it should not hurt performance. 	- A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the	  coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just	  never get used in that case.  The kernel will be slighly larger,	  but will work on different machines regardless of whether they	  have a math coprocessor or not. 	- the "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a	  bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel	  less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to	  break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()).  Thus you	  should probably answer 'n' to the questions for a "production"	  kernel.  - edit drivers/net/CONFIG to configure the networking parts of the   kernel.  The comments should hopefully clarify it all.  - Check the top Makefile for further site-dependent configuration   (default SVGA mode etc).  - Finally, do a "make dep" to set up all the dependencies correctly. COMPILING the kernel: - make sure you have gcc-2.4.5 or newer available.  It seems older gcc   versions can have problems compiling newer versions of linux.  If you   upgrade your compiler, remember to get the new binutils package too   (for as/ld/nm and company) - do a "make zImage" to create a compressed kernel image.  If you want   to make a bootdisk (without root filesystem or lilo), insert a floppy   in your A: drive, and do a "make zdisk".  It is also possible to do   "make zlilo" if you have lilo installed to suit the kernel makefiles,   but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first.  - keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong.  - In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel   image (found in /usr/src/linux/zImage after compilation) to the place   where your regular bootable kernel is found.    For some, this is on a floppy disk, in which case you can "cp   /usr/src/linux/zImage /dev/fd0" to make a bootable floppy.    If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO which   uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo/config.  The   kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, or /zImage, or /etc/zImage.    To use the new kernel, copy the new image over the old one (save a   backup of the original!).  Then, you MUST RERUN LILO to update the   loading map!! If you don't, you won't be able to boot the new kernel   image.    Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /etc/lilo/install.    You may wish to edit /etc/lilo/config to specify an entry for your   old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not   work.  See the LILO docs for more information.    After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set.  Shutdown the system,   reboot, and enjoy!   If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode,   ramdisk size, etc.  in the kernel image, use the 'rdev' program (or   alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate).  No need to   recompile the kernel to change these parameters.  - reboot with the new kernel and enjoy. IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG: - if you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please mail   them to me (Linus.Torvalds@Helsinki.FI), and possibly to any other   relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup.  The mailing-lists are   useful especially for SCSI and NETworking problems, as I can't test   either of those personally anyway.  - In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about,   how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common   sense).  If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is   old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it. - if the bug results in a message like	unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010	Oops: 0002	EIP:   0010:xxxxxxxx	eax: xxxxxxxx   ebx: xxxxxxxx   ecx: xxxxxxxx   edx: xxxxxxxx	esi: xxxxxxxx   edi: xxxxxxxx   ebp: xxxxxxxx	ds: xxxx  es: xxxx  fs: xxxx  gs: xxxx	Pid: xx, process nr: xx	xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx   or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your   system log, please duplicate it *exactly*.  The dump may look   incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may   help debugging the problem.  The text above the dump is also   important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in   the above example it's due to a bad kernel pointer) - in debugging dumps like the above, it helps enourmously if you can   look up what the EIP value means.  The hex value as such doesn't help   me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular   kernel setup.  What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP   line (ignore the "0010:"), and look it up in the kernel namelist to   see which kernel function contains the offending address.   To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system   binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom.  In the   case of compressed kernels, this will be 'linux/tools/zSystem', while   uncompressed kernels use the file 'tools/system'.  To extract the   namelist and match it against the EIP from the kernel crash, do:		nm tools/zSystem | sort | less   This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending   order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the   offending address.  Note that the address given by the kernel   debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the   function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't   just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting   point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that   has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but   is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one   you want.  In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of   "context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the   interesting one.    If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled   kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as   possible will help.