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<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E131" >Accessing RFCs</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E190" >Accessing RFCs Through FTP</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E191" >Accessing RFCs Through E-Mail</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E192" >Accessing Printed Copies of RFCs</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E132" >Useful RFCs Sorted by Category</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E193" >General Information</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E194" >TCP and UDP</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E195" >IP and ICMP</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E196" >Lower Layers</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E197" >Bootstrapping</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E198" >Domain Name System</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E199" >File Transfer and File Access</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E200" >Mail</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E201" >Routing Protocols</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E202" >Routing Performance and Policy</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E203" >Terminal Access</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E204" >Other Applications</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E205" >Network Management</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E206" >Tunneling</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E207" >OSI</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E208" >Security</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E209" >Miscellaneous</A></LI></UL></UL></UL></UL>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<A ID="E66E19" NAME="E66E19"></A>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>— Appendix E —</B>
<BR><B>RFCs</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>
<BR>
<P>Most of the information about the TCP/IP protocol family is published as Requests For Comments (RFCs). RFCs define the various aspects of the protocol, its use, and management as a set of loosely coordinated notes.
<BR>
<P>The RFCs contain a lot of useless information (mostly because it is system-specific or considerably outdated), but they also contain a wealth of detail for those who want to take TCP/IP to its limits. Unexpectedly, there is quite a bit of interesting and humorous reading in the RFCs, including several classic works such as "'Twas the Night Before Start-up" (RFC 968), "ARPAWOCKY" (RFC 527), and "Telnet Randomly—Lose Option" (RFC 748).
<BR>
<P>This appendix lists the important (or, as just mentioned, interesting or humorous) RFCs that readers might want to refer to. Instructions for accessing the RFCs are also included. This list is not complete. Where possible, old and outdated RFCs have been dropped from the list. However, thinning the list of RFCs is a time-consuming process, involving reading each of the documents in turn. Because there are almost 1,500 RFCs, I have relied on other users' comments, notes from the NIC, and other reference works for a suitable pruning.
<BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E68E131" NAME="E68E131"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Accessing RFCs</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>RFCs can be obtained in several ways, the easiest of which is electronically. Paper copies are available upon request. Electronic copies are usually in ASCII format, although some are in PostScript format and require a PostScript interpreter to print them. Most RFCs obtained electronically do not have diagrams, figures, or pictures.
<BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E190" NAME="E69E190"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Accessing RFCs Through FTP</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>RFCs can be obtained using FTP through the Internet Network Information Center (NIC). Use FTP to access the NIC archive NIC.DDN.MIL. Use the user name guest and the password anonymous. RFCs can then be retrieved by using the FTP get command with the following format:
<BR>
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080"><RFC>RFC527.txt</FONT></PRE>
<P>Replace the RFC527 portion with the number of the RFC required. You can FTP into the NIC archive only if you have access to a machine with Internet access.
<BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E191" NAME="E69E191"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Accessing RFCs Through E-Mail</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>RFCs can be requested through electronic mail. Both the NIC and the NFSNET Network Service Center provide automated responses, returning the requested RFC. Both services read incoming electronic mail for keywords that indicate which RFC is required as well as the sender's e-mail address, then send back the RFC requested.
<BR>
<P>To obtain an RFC from the NIC, send a message with the subject field set to the RFC you want. Mail it to <A HREF="mailto:service@nic.ddn.mil">service@nic.ddn.mil</A>. If you want more information on obtaining information through the NIC e-mail system, send mail with the word help as the subject.
<BR>
<P>To obtain RFCs from the NFSNET Network Service Center, send a message with the first two lines like this:
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">REQUEST: RFC
TOPIC: 527</FONT></PRE>
<P>The first line specifies that you want an RFC, and the second line gives the RFC number. Send the mail to info-<A HREF="mailto:server@sh.cs.net">server@sh.cs.net</A>. For more information, set the topic to help.
<BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E192" NAME="E69E192"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Accessing Printed Copies of RFCs</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>If you do not have access to electronic communications, you can request a preprinted copy of an RFC. To obtain a printed copy of any RFC, call the Network Information Center at 1-800-235-3155.
<BR>
<P>It is considered bad manners to make the NIC staff wait while you find which RFCs you want. Make a list of them first, so your telephone conversation is short and succinct. They must answer many calls a day and are usually quite busy.
<BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E68E132" NAME="E68E132"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Useful RFCs Sorted by Category</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>Following are categorized lists of available RFCs.
<BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E193" NAME="E69E193"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>General Information</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<CENTER><TABLE BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=3 >
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1360
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"IAB Official Protocol Standards," Postel, J.B.; 1992
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1340
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Assigned Numbers," Reynolds, J.K.; Postel, J.B.; 1992
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1208
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Glossary of Networking Terms," Jacobsen, O.J.; Lynch, D.C.; 1991
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1180
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"TCP/IP Tutorial," Socolofsky, T.J.; Kale, C.J.; 1991
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1178
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Choosing a Name for Your Computer," Libes, D.; 1990
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1175
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"FYI on Where to Start: A Bibliography of Inter-networking Information," Bowers, K.L.; LaQuey, T.L.; Reynolds, J.K.; Reubicek, K.; Stahl, M.K.; Yuan, A.; 1990
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1173
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Responsibilities of Host and Network Managers: A Summary of the Oral Tradition of the Internet," vanBokkelen, J.; 1990
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1166
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Internet Numbers," Kirkpatrick, S.; Stahl, M.K.; Recker, M.; 1990
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1127
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Perspective on the Host Requirements RFCs," Braden, R.T.; 1989
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1123
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Requirements for Internet Hosts—Application and Support," Braden, R.T., ed; 1989
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1122
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Requirements for Internet Hosts—Communication Layers," Braden, R.T., ed; 1989
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1118
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Hitchhiker's Guide to the Internet," Krol, E., 1989
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1011
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Official Internet Protocol," Reynolds, J.R.; Postel, J.B.; 1987
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1009
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Requirements for Internet Gateways," Braden, R.T.; Postel, J.B.; 1987
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC980
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Protocol Document Order Information," Jacobsen, O.J.; Postel, J.B.; 1986</FONT>
</TABLE></CENTER><BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E194" NAME="E69E194"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>TCP and UDP</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<CENTER><TABLE BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=3 >
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1072
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"TCP Extensions for Long-Delay Paths," Jacobson, V.; Braden, R.T.; 1988
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC896
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks," Nagle, J.; 1984
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC879
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"TCP Maximum Segment Size and Related Topics," Postel, J.B.; 1983
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC813
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Window and Acknowledgment Strategy in TCP," Clark, D.D.; 1982
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC793
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Transmission Control Protocol," Postel, J.B.; 1981
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC768
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"User Datagram Protocol," Postel, J.B.; 1980</FONT>
</TABLE></CENTER><BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E195" NAME="E69E195"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>IP and ICMP</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<CENTER><TABLE BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=3 >
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1219
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"On the Assignment of Subnet Numbers," Tsuchiya, P.F.; 1991
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1112
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Host Extensions for IP Multicasting," Deering, S.E.; 1989
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC1088
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over NetBIOS Networks," McLaughlin, L.J.; 1989
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC950
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure," Mogul, J.C.; Postel, J.B.; 1985
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC932
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Subnetwork Addressing Schema," Clark, D.D.; 1985
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC922
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Broadcasting Internet Datagrams in the Presence of Subnets," Mogul, J.C.; 1984
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC9l9
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Broadcasting Internet Datagrams," Mogul, J.C.; 1984
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC886
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Proposed Standard for Message Header Munging," Rose, M.T.; 1983
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC815
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"IP Datagram Reassembly Algorithms," Clark, D.D.; 1982
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC814
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Names, Addresses, Ports, and Routes," Clark, D.D.; 1982
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC792
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Internet Control Message Protocol," Postel, J.B.; 1981
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC791
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Internet Protocol," Postel, J.B.; 1981
<BR>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>RFC781
<BR>
</FONT>
<TD BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<P>"Specification of the Internet Protocol (IP) Timestamp Option," Su, Z.; 1981</FONT>
</TABLE></CENTER><BR>
<BR>
<A ID="E69E196" NAME="E69E196"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Lower Layers</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
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