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<H2>Red Hat Linux Unleashed rhl23.htm</H2>
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<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E165" >A Brief Introduction to Window Managers and Motif</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E166" >Getting Motif for Linux</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E167" >General Installation Procedures</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E168" >Getting Started with X Window</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E169" >Starting X and mwm</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E170" >Working with Motif Windows in mwm</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E282" >Using the Pointer</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E283" >Icons and Windows</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E284" >Iconifying a Window</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E285" >Maximizing a Window</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E286" >Sizing a Window</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E287" >Focus and Selecting a Window</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E288" >Moving a Window or Icon</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E289" >Adding a New Window</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E290" >Window Geometry</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E171" >Using the Window Menu</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E172" >Using the Keyboard in X and the Meta Key</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E173" >Using the Root Menu</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E174" >Working with Motif Clients</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E175" >Other Types of Widgets</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E291" >Gadgets</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E176" >Customizing with Resources</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E292" >What Are Resources?</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E177" >Defining Resources</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E293" >User and Class Resource Files</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E178" >Customizing Motif</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E294" >Hard-Coded Resource Setting</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E295" >Using the Command Line</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E296" >Using Environment Variables</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E179" >Listing an Application's Resources</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E180" >Using the .mwmrc File</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E297" >Adding Your Own Menu Items</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E298" >More on Button and Key Bindings</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E181" >Customizing Your Desktop with Clients</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E299" >xsetroot</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E300" >Using xset</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E301" >Invoking the Screen Saver</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E302" >Using Fonts</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E303" >Getting More Information about Your Display xdpyinfo</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E304" >Help for Left-Handed Users xmodmap</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E182" >Useful Command Line Options</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E183" >Logging into Remote Machines</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E184" >Colors</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E185" >Fonts</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E305" >Using xlsfonts</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E306" >Using xfontsel</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E186" >Where to Go from Here</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E187" >Summary</A></UL></UL></UL>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<A NAME="E66E23"></A>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>23</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="E67E23"></A>
<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Using Motif</B></FONT></CENTER></H2>
<BR>
<P>In this chapter, you will cover the following topics:
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>Installing Motif on your Linux machine.
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Some of the basic concepts required for using X Window. Displays, windows, screens, and the Client Server Architecture in X are introduced.
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>An introduction to window managers, specifically the Motif Window Manager (mwm).
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Navigating in mwm windows with the keyboard and mouse.
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Widgets and their characteristics.
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Customizing your desktop with resource files and client applications, and how to set your environment to your liking.
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Using some standard X tools available in Linux.
<BR>
<BR>
</UL>
<P>The following assumptions are made about you, the reader, as we go further into this chapter:
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>You have completely read <A HREF="rhl21.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl21.htm">Chapter 21</A>, "Installing X Window on Linux," and have the X11R6 version of X Window, called XFree86, installed on your machine.
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>You have played at least a little with Linux or UNIX, and know the syntax of using some basic UNIX commands such as find, cpio, tar, and ln.
<BR>
<BR>
</UL>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<BR>
<NOTE>As you did with XFree86, please read this entire chapter thoroughly before proceeding with the installation.</NOTE>
<BR>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<A NAME="E68E165"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>A Brief Introduction to Window Managers and Motif</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>How the windows in an X session are arranged is a function of a special program called the window manager. The window manager controls the look and feel of all the windows on a particular display. The window manager enables the user to move, restack,
resize, and iconify windows (that is, reduce windows to an icon).
<BR>
<P>X Window comes with three window managers by default. These managers are called the Freeware Window Manager (fvwm), the Tab Window Manager (twm) and the Open Look Window Manager (olwm). The twm is also referred to as Tom's Window Manager, after its
author, Tom LaStrange. Earlier versions of X also offered the Universal Window Manager (uwm); however, this is no longer offered because it does not conform to the X Consortium's Inter-Client Communications Conventions Manual (ICCCM) standards. Please see
<A HREF="rhl24.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl24.htm">Chapter 24</A>, "OPEN LOOK and OpenWindows."
<BR>
<P>Window managers in X are different from other windowing system managers because you are allowed to choose whichever manager you like. As long as a manager follows the ICCCM standard, it can serve as your window manager.
<BR>
<P>The most prevalent commercial Linux (or UNIX-based) window manager today is the Motif Window Manager (mwm) from the OSF/Motif distribution. In fact, if you use fvwm, you see the similarities between fvwm and mwm. The Motif Window Manager is more
important now than ever before, because it has been adopted by Common Open Software Environment (COSE) as the standard interface for future UNIX GUIs. It's most famous for its borders around all the windows it displays.
<BR>
<P>Motif applications look more like a Mayan temple than a menu system. Almost every item on the screen is rectangular. A rectangular button rests on a rectangular menu bar, which may rest on another rectangular form, which sits on a square window. We will
discuss Motif in great detail in this chapter.
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<BR>
<NOTE>The latest version at the time of writing was Motif 2.0. There are several updates to Motif (1.2.3, 1.2.4, and so on), but Motif 2.0 is a major release from the last major release 1.2.4. The 2.0 release includes a lot of bug fixes, and adds Widgets
to its list of convenience functions. Get an upgrade if you are running an older version, and you may be surprised to see some of your existing bugs disappear!</NOTE>
<BR>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<A NAME="E68E166"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Getting Motif for Linux</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>Unlike most of the software for Linux, Motif is not free and is not shareware. You have to pay for a Motif license. The cost is approximately $150. I have listed three vendors here that can sell you Motif for Linux. Due to lack of time before going to
press, there was no time to research other vendors; you can check the Internet resources listed in <A HREF="rhlxa.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhlxa.htm">Appendix A</A>, "Linux FTP Sites and Newsgroups," for more information.
<BR>
<UL>
<UL>
<P>Metrolink Incorporated
</UL></UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<P>4711 North PowerLine Rd.
</UL></UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<P>Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
</UL></UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<P>(305) 938-0283
<BR>
</UL></UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080"><A HREF="mailto:sales@metrolink.com">sales@metrolink.com</A></FONT></PRE></UL></UL>
<UL>
<UL>
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