<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

X312fnt100.tgz

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

100-dpi screen fonts.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

X312fbig.tgz

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Large Kanji and other fonts.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

X312fscl.tgz

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Scaled fonts (Speedo, Type1).</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

X312man.tgz

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Manual pages.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

X312pex.tgz

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

PEX binaries, includes, and libraries.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

X312slib.tgz

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Static X libraries and support files.</FONT>

</TABLE><P>You can find the most recent versions on most Linux sites. You can find the C library (libc) and the dynamic loader (ld.so) in the GCC directory on the same Linux sites.

<BR>

<P>You can get the binary distributions of XFree86 for Linux via anonymous FTP from

<BR>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/X11/XFree86-3.1.2./binaries/Linux/els.</FONT></PRE>

<P>or

<BR>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/X11/XFree86-3.1.2</FONT></PRE>

<P>The files have names of the form X(ver)(name).tar.gz (version 3.1.2) or XF86-name .tar.gz where ver is the XFree86 version and name is the name of the package. If you already know which server you need to run, you should not get the *-svr* files. The 
filename form is XF86 servername.tar.gz, where servername is the name of the server to run.

<BR>

<P>The XFree86 distribution consists of several large gzipped tar files. You need the following setup to run XFree86. You have to have at least these versions.

<BR>

<P>Your computer needs main memory of at least 8MB and virtual memory of at least 16MB (that is, main memory plus swap memory). It is possible to run X on a 4MB machine if you take some precautions with memory usage.

<BR>

<P>In any event, your computer should have 16MB of virtual memory to run X Window. If you have 4MB of physical RAM, you should have 12MB of swap memory.

<BR>

<P>Because swapping is quite slow, you should have installed at least 8MB of RAM in your computer. With only 4MB of physical RAM, your X programs will run terribly slowly. If you want to run memory-hog programs from within X (for example, the C compiler 
gcc), you should have at least 16MB of main memory and another 16MB of swap memory.

<BR>

<P>The XFree86 distribution takes up about 17MB to 37MB of disk space depending on how many servers you install. You can save several megabytes of disk space by removing the X servers you do not need. However, if you plan to install more window managers 
than normal, you can expect to use about 35MB of disk space.

<BR>

<P>Before installing XFree86, you should make a backup of all files that you changed. They may not be usable, but they still hold a lot of information you might want to preserve. (Your old XConfig file will not be deleted, but it's always better to have a 
backup of this file.)

<BR>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>Do not use XFree86 3.1.x or earlier. From the Internet, you can get a copy of a version later than 3.1.1. Version 3.1.2 is on this book's CD-ROM.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<P>There are two ways to install XFree86 on your machine: by using the setup utility or by using the manual procedure. The setup utility is the same menu-driven utility that you used in the original installation. The manual procedure is a bit more 
involved. It also requires attention to detail but enables you to have more control over every step. This procedure offers you the ability to stop and repeat steps instead of going through the complete installation process in the menu-driven option.

<BR>

<P>To avoid headaches, and get to sleep early, use the setup program and menus to do the installation process. If you really are in a foul mood, proceed with the following manual method.

<BR>

<P>To install the binary distribution manually, perform the following steps:

<BR>

<OL>

<LI>Log in as root or become root if you already are logged in.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Copy all the release's tar files to floppies or the hard drive, or know their location on the CD-ROM. If the CD-ROM or hard drive is not mounted, mount it now and ensure that you can get to the files from within Linux. Determine from Table 21.2 the 
name of the server type you need. For example, if you are using a color VGA monitor, you would want to use the XF86_SVGA server; for monochrome monitors including some EGA monitors (Do people still use them?), you might try XF86_Mono. You do not have to 
choose the server this minute, but realize that you can use only one of these servers.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Create the directory /usr/X11R6 (don't worry if it's already there).

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Change your current working directory to /usr/X11R6 (cd /usr/X11R6).

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Run umask 022 to make sure all the files are writable.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Run the following command on each *.tgz file to unzip and install its contents:

<BR>gzip -rc tarfilename | tar xvof -

<BR>

</OL>

<BR>

<P ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Table 21.2. Types of servers in XFree86.</B></FONT></CENTER>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>Type of server</I>

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>Name</I></FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Color SVGA server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_SVGA</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

16-color (S)VGA server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_VGA16.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Monochrome server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_Mono</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

S3 accelerated server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_S3</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

8514/A accelerated server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_8514</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

AGX support

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_AGX</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Mach8 accelerated server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_Mach8</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Mach32 accelerated server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_Mach32</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Mach64 accelerated server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_Mach64</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

ET4000/W32 accelerated server

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

XF86_W32</FONT>

</TABLE><P>The flag (-r) for the gzip command tells it to recursively create all names and paths for the files in the tar file. The -c option will send the contents out to the standard output from where it will be piped to the tar command. The flags for 
the tar command tell tar to extract (x), be verbose (v), all files while preserving original ownership (o), from the file , designated by the standard input (-).

<BR>

<P>Repeat this step for all the tar files you have in your distribution.

<BR>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>The preceding step will overwrite all files from an older XFree86 version.

<BR>This step will not affect the XF86Config file, but the XF86Config.eg file will be overwritten. Most files in the distribution set will be overwritten. I repeat: Before installing XFree86, back up every file you changed.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<P>After you finish installing XFree86, you have to configure it to match your system.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E145"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Setting Up Your XFree86 System</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>This section covers another one of the more difficult, time-consuming, and frustrating parts of installing XFree86: setting up a XF86Config file.

<BR>

<P>If you have XFree86 3.1.2 and your graphic card is listed in the Hardware-HOWTO file (see <A HREF="rhl01.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl01.htm">Chapter 1</A>, &quot;Introduction to Linux&quot;), you should use the XF86Config program to do your configuration. This XF86Config program is a 
comfortable and safe way to set up your system. If your graphics card is not listed, you have some work ahead of you.

<BR>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>Your XConfig file is called XF86Config.eg and is in the /usr/lib/x11 directory.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<P>For more information, check the section called &quot;The XF86Config File&quot; in <A HREF="rhl22.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl22.htm">Chapter 22</A>, &quot;Configuring X Window on Linux.&quot;

<BR>

<P>One final check that you should do is to follow the link of /usr/lib/X11/X to the correct server. If you have an SVGA card, this link should be set, via an intermediate link if any, to /usr/bin/X11/XF86_SVGA. If the link does not point to the right 
server, make it point to the correct server in /usr/bin/X11.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E146"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Running X</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>At this point, you should be able to type xinit at the prompt and have X Window on your monitor. You have two options in starting X: Use the xinit program or use the startx shell script. The advantage to using the xinit program is that you can easily 
start X Window. The advantage to the startx script is that you can make modifications to how the environment variables are treated in bringing up X. With xinit, you are stuck with the defaults. In most cases, the defaults are what you want anyway. The 
xinit program executes statements in the order they are found in the .xinitrc file.

<BR>

<P>Once you have set up an XF86Config file, you probably want to run X. This is not done by running X, but by running startx. When running it for the first time, use the command

<BR>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">$ startx 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; Xstartup.log</FONT></PRE>

<P>This command gets a log file of the X startup by redirecting all output from stdout and stderr to a log file, Xstartup.log. If you encounter problems, the information in this file will help you get a clue as to what happened.

<BR>

<P>If you encounter any problems, please look at the XFree86 documentation files in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc. These files provide a lot of information on what to do if problems occur. For more information, also look in the FAQs that are mentioned in those 
files.

<BR>

<P>Once you are in the environment of the window manager you chose in the .xinitrc file, you have to conform X Windows System's way of moving around. Please see the next few chapters to learn how to work with windows with three window managers: mwm, olwm, 
and fvwm.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E274"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Stopping X</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>To stop X and get back to the text-based console, you have to list the last application that was in the .xinitrc file. This last application could be the window manager, an xterm, or just about any application. When you quit X Window by stopping this 
application, you return to your character- or text-based terminal.

<BR>

<P>Another way to kill the window manager (and X) is to use the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace combination. This is not the preferred way of doing things because a more graceful way is to have the window manager be the last program started in the .xinitrc file, and 
exit from it to stop X and get back to console.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E147"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>X Applications Packages</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>Several packages are related to X. I have mentioned the first two by name because they have a great influence on the look and feel of X.

<BR>

<UL>

<LI>XView. This package is included on the CD-ROM as part of the Slackware distribution. If you are installing from another source, you may want to read the next few paragraphs; otherwise skip to the next item.

<BR>The xview3L5.1.tar.gz package is a port to Linux of SUN's xview3.2 package by Kenneth Osterberg. It includes the xview toolkit, a set of extensions to X. The xview3L5.1.tar.gz gives you the look and feel of the OPEN LOOK extension to X (many recognize 
that from Open Windows from SUN). You can get it in the /pub/Linux/libs/X/Xview directory on sunsite.unc.edu.

<BR>To install XView, as root untar the tar file in any directory (/usr/src for example), read the documentation that comes with it (most importantly, the README), and run the INSTALL script. Note that you need about 25MB of free disk space to install 
XView completely (with examples). Some files are duplicated on this distribution. After running the INSTALL script and removing the xview3L5.1 directory, you need about 11MB. This would include all examples, which take about 2MB of disk space, along with 
2.5MB for development libraries and files. If you do not want to compile any XView programs, you can spare this 4.5MB by removing the static (*.a) and stub (*.sa) libraries, as well as the examples.

<BR>To run XView, you need at least 8MB of RAM, or even better, 16MB.

<BR>

<BR>

</UL>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>Do not remove any shared (*.so) libraries while pruning the XView tree! Other applications may need these libraries in the future.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<UL>

<LI>Motif. This is commercial software, so you will have to pay for it. You can find an advertisement from Metrolink (a company that provides a port to Linux) on tsx-11:/pub/linux/advertisements. There are companies other than Metrolink that sell Motif; 
every now and then advertisements will appear in the newsgroup <A HREF="news:comp.os.linux.announce">comp.os.linux.announce</A>.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Other Window managers. Both Motif and OPEN LOOK packages provide window managers different from the standard twm that comes with XFree86. XFree86 also includes the selection fvwm, a free window manager you may fall in love with. Many people do not like 
the twm window manager, so better window managers have been developed for XFree86. There are many X Window system managers available that run on Linux. A selection of these can be found on sunsite in the directory /pub/Linux/X11/window-managers.

<BR>

<BR>