?? rhl14.htm
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<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">[Connection Established]
————————————————————————————————————————</FONT></PRE>
<P>The screen is divided horizontally with a dotted line, and you can type your message on the top half of the screen. This appears verbatim on the other terminal at the bottom half of the screen. You can type your messages, and the other user can type
his, simultaneously.
<BR>
<P>The connection can be closed by entering Ctrl-C. The following line appears on the screen:
<BR>
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">[Connection closing.Exiting]</FONT></PRE>
<P>You should now be back at your shell's command prompt.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E202"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>talk </B><B>Etiquette</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>The same etiquette applies to talk as in write. Always use lowercase letters, because CAPS LOCK conversations are considered loud and rude. Always finish your sentence by typing over. If you initiated the talk session, wait for the other party to
respond with the hello first. To prevent both of you from typing at the same time, always read your message, wait for the over, type your own message, and then terminate it with over.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E68E102"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Electronic Mail</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>Electronic mail has taken the world by storm. E-mail, short for electronic mail, is a method of sending a message from a user on one computer to one or several recipients on another computer. E-mail provides fast and efficient transportation of data and
documents. This mode of communication also eliminates the need to play telephone tag or to wait for a convenient or appropriate time to call someone. For someone with Internet access, e-mail provides the means to communicate with friends around the world.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E203"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Mailboxes and Agents</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>E-mail is stored in a file called the system mail in the mailbox. System mail has the same name as that of the user. For example, a user named Calvin will have a mailbox under Linux in /var/spool/mail/calvin.
<BR>
<P>E-mail originates in the form of a file on your computer created by a Mail User Agent (MUA). E-mail is then submitted to a mail router such as sendmail, after which it is handed over to a Mail Transporter Agent (MTA). E-mail is then appended to a
mailbox. The MTA delivers it to the final delivery agent by traversing one or more hosts.
<BR>
<P>The MUA is used to read and send mail. The MUA is the user interface for the mail system. Mail can be composed by using simple MUAs such as mail or mailx, or sophisticated mail user agents such as elm or pine.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E204"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Understanding the Mail Message</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>A mail message includes two parts: a mail header and the text body.
<BR>
<P>The mail header is generated by the mail program automatically. A typical header in a mail message looks like this:
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">Date: Fri, 6 Jan 1995 13:27:00 -0600
From: "Calvin N. Hobbes" <calvin@hobbes.com>
To: laurel@hady.com
Subject: Format for a mail header
Hi, just checking the different parts in a mail message</FONT></PRE>
<P>Date specifies the date and time the message is sent.
<BR>
<P>From specifies both the sender's name in quotes and the address, which includes the login ID and the address of their machine, hobbes.com.
<BR>
<P>To is the recipient's mail address.
<BR>
<P>Subject is a one-line description of the mail message.
<BR>
<P>The mail header is followed by the body of the mail message. Here you type the message as text. The mail message is terminated by typing a period (.) as the first character on the last line. The mail handler responds with EOT, for End Of Text. This is
the standard procedure for Berkeley mail; other mail handlers have their own way of ending message text entry.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E205"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Types of Mail User Agents</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>There are several types of mail user agents, some of which are listed here. A variety of different programs can be used for reading the mail. The two most common programs are mail and Mail (also called mailx). Because of the similarity of their names,
Mail is also called capmail or Berkeley Mail. Berkeley Mail is far superior to mail because it is much easier to use.
<BR>
<P>This section covers the following types of mail user agents:
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>elm
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Pine
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>mailx (Berkeley Mail)
<BR>
<BR>
</UL>
<BR>
<A NAME="E70E1"></A>
<H5 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Using </B><B>elm</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>
<BR>
<P>elm stands for electronic mail and provides a full-screen interface mail program with a good help feature. elm is a pleasure to use when compared with Berkeley Mail because of its simplicity of use and functionality.
<BR>
<P>Start the elm system by typing elm at the command prompt:
<BR>
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">$ elm</FONT></PRE>
<P>The screen is cleared, and the code shown in the following screen is displayed.
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">$ elm
Mailbox is '/var/spool/mail/calvin' with 5 messages [ELM 2.4 PL25]
N 1 Jan 12 Laurel N. Hardy (15) using el
N 2 Jan 12 Laurel N. Hardy (15) 2nd elm message
N 3 Jan 12 Laurel N. Hardy (16) Using elm
N 4 Jan 11 Laurel N. Hardy (11) Re: Format for a mail header
N 5 Jan 11 Laurel N. Hardy (11) message # 1
You can use any of the following commands by pressing the first character;
d)elete or u)ndelete mail, m)ail a message, r)eply or f)orward mail, q)uit
To read a message, press <return>. j = move down, k = move up, ? = help
<M1>
Command:</FONT></PRE>
<P>The top line on the screen is the mailbox and the number of messages it has in it. You may also see elm's version number. This is followed by a list of all the messages in the mailbox, the date the messages were sent, the sender's name, and the subject
of the message.
<BR>
<P>The current message is indicated by an arrow or inverse video.
<BR>
<P>One nice feature of elm is that it displays the sender's name instead of the login ID as Berkeley Mail does.
<BR>
<P>The bottom part of the screen lists the options available. At this point, you can reply to the message, delete or undelete a message, or forward the mail by entering the appropriate command. You can go up and down the message list by using k and j, just
as in the vi editor.
<BR>
<P>Some of the actions available in elm are listed in Table 14.1.
<BR>
<BR>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Table 14.1. </B><B>elm</B><B> actions.</B></FONT></CENTER>
<BR>
<TABLE BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING=2 >
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<I>Command</I>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<I>elm</I><I> 2.4 Action</I></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Enter, Spacebar
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Displays current message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
|
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Pipes current message or tagged messages to a system command.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
!
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Shell escape.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
?
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
This screen of information.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
=
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Sets current message to first message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
*
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Sets current message to last message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<NUMBER>, Enter
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Sets current message to <NUMBER>.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
/
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Searches From/Subjects for pattern.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
//
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Searches entire message texts for pattern.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Saves current message or tagged messages to a folder.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Scans current message for calendar entries.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
C
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Copies current message or tagged messages.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
c
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Changes to another folder.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
d
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Deletes current message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Ctrl-D
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Deletes messages with a specified pattern.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
e
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Edits current folder.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
f
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Forwards current message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
g
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Groups (all recipients') reply to current message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
h
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Headers displayed with message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
J
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Increments current message by one.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
j, <DOWN>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Advances to next undeleted message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
K
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Decrements current message by one.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
k, <UP>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Advances to previous undeleted message.</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
l
</FONT>
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