<I>Description</I></FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

 [account [passwd]]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Supplies a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user is prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

ascii

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Sets the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

bell

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Sounds a bell after each file transfer.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

binary

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Sets the file transfer type to binary mode.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

bye

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Terminates the FTP session with the remote server and then exits.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

cd remote-directory

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Changes the working directory on the remote machine to the remote directory.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

cdup

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Goes to the parent of the current remote machine's working directory.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

chmod mode file-name

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Changes the permission modes of the file.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

close

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Terminates the FTP session with the remote server.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

delete remote-file

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Deletes the remote file on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

dir [remote-directory]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Prints a listing of the remote directory to the terminal.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

disconnect

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Same as close.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

get remote-file

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Retrieves the remote file and stores it on the local machine. [local-file]</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

If the local filename is not specified, it is given the same

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

name it has on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

hash

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

While a file is being transferred, the hash sign (#) is printed for each data block transferred.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

help [command]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Prints an informative message about the meaning of the command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

lcd [directory]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Changes the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

ls [remote-directory]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Lists the contents of the remote directory.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

mdelete [remote-files]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Deletes the remote files on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

mdir remote-files

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

mget remote-files

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Expands the remote files on the remote machine and does a getfiles based on regular expressions. For example, mget f*.tar will get all the files starting with the letter f.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

open host [port]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Establishes a connection to the specified host FTP server on the optional port number.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

put local-file

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Stores a local file on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

pwd

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Prints the name of the current working directory on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

quit

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Same as bye.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

remotehelp [command-name]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Requests help from the remote FTP server. If a command name is specified, it is supplied to the server as well.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

reset

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Resets the communications connection.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

rmdir directory-name

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Deletes a directory on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

size file-name

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Returns the size of the file on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

status

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Shows the current status of ftp.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

verbose

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Displays all responses to the user.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

? [command]

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Same as help.</FONT>

</TABLE><P>Some of the options that may be specified at the command line are listed as follows:

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

-v

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

The verbose option. Gives a report on the transfer statistics and forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

-n

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Restrains ftp from attempting auto-login upon initial connection. In auto-login, ftp checks for the user's account on the remote machine.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

-I

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

-d

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Enables debugging.</FONT>

</TABLE><P>Some ftp commands share the same name as Linux commands but perform a different function. For example, the ls command in ftp behaves like the ls-al command in Linux. To illustrate how this works, let's look at the directory listing command on a 
remote server:

<BR>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>On some systems, ls at the ftp prompt will behave like the ls-F command.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">ftp&gt;

ftp&gt; ls

200 PORT command successful.

150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.

total 6

drwxrwxr-x 2 root ftp-linu 512 Feb 8 1995 bin

drwxrwxr-x 2 root wheel 512 Nov 5 1994 dev

drwxrwxr-x 3 root wheel 512 Nov 9 17:22 etc

lrwxr-xr-x 1 tytso wheel 1 Nov 5 02:17 ftp -&gt; .

drwxrwx-wx 4 tytso ftp-linu 512 Dec 8 07:44 incoming

drwxrwxr-x 9 tytso ftp 512 Dec 1 22:35 pub

226 Transfer complete.

ftp&gt;</FONT></PRE>

<P>As you can see, you did not have to type -al. You get the long listing from the ls command.

<BR>

<P>To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers are immediately halted. Receiving transfers are halted by sending an ftp ABOR command to the remote server and discarding any further data received.

<BR>

<P>The ftp specification specifies many parameters that may affect a file transfer. The type may be ascii, image (binary), or ebcdic.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E105"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>telnet</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>The telnet command is used to communicate with another host using the TELNET protocol. If telnet is invoked without the host argument, it enters command mode, indicated by its prompt, telnet&gt;. Normally you would use

<BR>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">$ telnet hostname [port]</FONT></PRE>

<P>where hostname is the host you want to connect to and port indicates a port number (an application's address). If a number is not specified, the default telnet port is used.

<BR>

<P>telnet can log you in either one of two modes: character-by-character or line-by-line. In character-by-character mode, most text typed is immediately sent to the remote host for processing. In line-by-line mode, all text is echoed locally, and only 
completed lines are sent to the remote host.

<BR>

<P>While connected to a remote host, you can enter the telnet command mode by typing the telnet escape character, Ctrl-]. When in command mode, the normal terminal editing conventions are available.

<BR>

<P>The following commands are available under the command mode:

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

close

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Closes a telnet session and returns to command mode.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

open host 

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF