if (motion_x == 0 && motion_y == 0) {
                        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, 1); /* macroblock_pattern only */
                        put_bits(&s->pb, mbPatTable[cbp][1], mbPatTable[cbp][0]);
                    } else {
                        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 1); /* motion + cbp */
                        mpeg1_encode_motion(s, motion_x - s->last_motion_x); 
                        mpeg1_encode_motion(s, motion_y - s->last_motion_y); 
                        put_bits(&s->pb, mbPatTable[cbp][1], mbPatTable[cbp][0]);
                    }
                } else {
                    put_bits(&s->pb, 3, 1); /* motion only */
                    mpeg1_encode_motion(s, motion_x - s->last_motion_x); 
                    mpeg1_encode_motion(s, motion_y - s->last_motion_y); 
                }
            }
        }
        
        for(i=0;i<6;i++) {
            if (cbp & (1 << (5 - i))) {
                encode_block(s, block[i], i);
            }
        }
        s->mb_incr = 1;
    }
}

static int dct_quantize(MpegEncContext *s, 
                        DCTELEM *block, int n,
                        int qscale)
{
    int i, j, level, last_non_zero, q;
    const int *qmat;

    jpeg_fdct_ifast (block);

    if (s->mb_intra) {
        if (n < 4)
            q = s->y_dc_scale;
        else
            q = s->c_dc_scale;
        q = q << 3;
        
        /* note: block[0] is assumed to be positive */
        block[0] = (block[0] + (q >> 1)) / q;
        i = 1;
        last_non_zero = 0;
        if (s->out_format == FMT_H263) {
            qmat = s->non_intra_matrix;
        } else {
            qmat = s->intra_matrix;
        }
    } else {
        i = 0;
        last_non_zero = -1;
        qmat = s->non_intra_matrix;
    }

    for(;i<64;i++) {
        j = zigzag_direct[i];
        level = block[j];
        /* XXX: overflow can occur here at qscale < 3 */
        level = level * qmat[j];
#ifdef PARANOID
        {
            int level1;
            level1 = ((long long)block[j] * (long long)(qmat[j]));
            if (level1 != level)
                fprintf(stderr, "quant error %d %d\n", level, level1);
        }
#endif
        /* XXX: slight error for the low range */
        //if (level <= -(1 << 22) || level >= (1 << 22)) 
        if (((level << 9) >> 9) != level) {
            level = level / (1 << 22);
            /* XXX: currently, this code is not optimal. the range should be:
               mpeg1: -255..255
               mpeg2: -2048..2047
               h263:  -128..127
               mpeg4: -2048..2047
            */
            if (level > 127)
                level = 127;
            else if (level < -128)
                level = -128;
            block[j] = level;
            last_non_zero = i;
        } else {
            block[j] = 0;
        }
    }
    return last_non_zero;
}

static void dct_unquantize(MpegEncContext *s, 
                           DCTELEM *block, int n, int qscale)
{
    int i, level;
    const UINT8 *quant_matrix;

    if (s->mb_intra) {
        if (n < 4) 
            block[0] = block[0] * s->y_dc_scale;
        else
            block[0] = block[0] * s->c_dc_scale;
        if (s->out_format == FMT_H263) {
            i = 1;
            goto unquant_even;
        }
        quant_matrix = default_intra_matrix;
        for(i=1;i<64;i++) {
            level = block[i];
            if (level) {
                if (level < 0) {
                    level = -level;
                    level = (int)(level * qscale * quant_matrix[i]) >> 3;
                    level = (level - 1) | 1;
                    level = -level;
                } else {
                    level = (int)(level * qscale * quant_matrix[i]) >> 3;
                    level = (level - 1) | 1;
                }
#ifdef PARANOID
                if (level < -2048 || level > 2047)
                    fprintf(stderr, "unquant error %d %d\n", i, level);
#endif
                block[i] = level;
            }
        }
    } else {
        i = 0;
    unquant_even:
        quant_matrix = default_non_intra_matrix;
        for(;i<64;i++) {
            level = block[i];
            if (level) {
                if (level < 0) {
                    level = -level;
                    level = (((level << 1) + 1) * qscale *
                             ((int) (quant_matrix[i]))) >> 4;
                    level = (level - 1) | 1;
                    level = -level;
                } else {
                    level = (((level << 1) + 1) * qscale *
                             ((int) (quant_matrix[i]))) >> 4;
                    level = (level - 1) | 1;
                }
#ifdef PARANOID
                if (level < -2048 || level > 2047)
                    fprintf(stderr, "unquant error %d %d\n", i, level);
#endif
                block[i] = level;
            }
        }
    }
}
                         

static inline void encode_dc(MpegEncContext *s, int diff, int component)
{
    int adiff, index;

    //    printf("dc=%d c=%d\n", diff, component);
    adiff = abs(diff);
    index = vlc_dc_table[adiff];
    if (component == 0) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, vlc_dc_lum_bits[index], vlc_dc_lum_code[index]);
    } else {
        put_bits(&s->pb, vlc_dc_chroma_bits[index], vlc_dc_chroma_code[index]);
    }
    if (diff > 0) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, index, (diff & ((1 << index) - 1)));
    } else if (diff < 0) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, index, ((diff - 1) & ((1 << index) - 1)));
    }
}

static void encode_block(MpegEncContext *s, 
                         DCTELEM *block, 
                         int n)
{
    int alevel, level, last_non_zero, dc, diff, i, j, run, last_index;
    int code, nbits, component;
    
    last_index = s->block_last_index[n];

    /* DC coef */
    if (s->mb_intra) {
        component = (n <= 3 ? 0 : n - 4 + 1);
        dc = block[0]; /* overflow is impossible */
        diff = dc - s->last_dc[component];
        encode_dc(s, diff, component);
        s->last_dc[component] = dc;
        i = 1;
    } else {
        /* encode the first coefficient : needs to be done here because
           it is handled slightly differently */
        level = block[0];
        if (abs(level) == 1) {
                code = ((UINT32)level >> 31); /* the sign bit */
                put_bits(&s->pb, 2, code | 0x02);
                i = 1;
        } else {
            i = 0;
            last_non_zero = -1;
            goto next_coef;
        }
    }

    /* now quantify & encode AC coefs */
    last_non_zero = i - 1;
    for(;i<=last_index;i++) {
        j = zigzag_direct[i];
        level = block[j];
    next_coef:
#if 0
        if (level != 0)
            printf("level[%d]=%d\n", i, level);
#endif            
        /* encode using VLC */
        if (level != 0) {
            run = i - last_non_zero - 1;
            alevel = abs(level);
            //            printf("run=%d level=%d\n", run, level);
            if ( (run < HUFF_MAXRUN) && (alevel < huff_maxlevel[run])) {
                /* encode using the Huffman tables */
                code = (huff_table[run])[alevel];
                nbits = (huff_bits[run])[alevel];
                code |= ((UINT32)level >> 31); /* the sign bit */

                put_bits(&s->pb, nbits, code);
            } else {
                /* escape: only clip in this case */
                put_bits(&s->pb, 6, 0x1);
                put_bits(&s->pb, 6, run);
                if (alevel < 128) {
                    put_bits(&s->pb, 8, level & 0xff);
                } else {
                    if (level < 0) {
                        put_bits(&s->pb, 16, 0x8001 + level + 255);
                    } else {
                        put_bits(&s->pb, 16, level & 0xffff);
                    }
                }
            }
            last_non_zero = i;
        }
    }
    /* end of block */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 2, 0x2);
}


/* rate control */

/* an I frame is I_FRAME_SIZE_RATIO bigger than a P frame */
#define I_FRAME_SIZE_RATIO 3.0
#define QSCALE_K           20

static void rate_control_init(MpegEncContext *s)
{
    s->wanted_bits = 0;

    if (s->intra_only) {
        s->I_frame_bits = s->bit_rate / s->frame_rate;
        s->P_frame_bits = s->I_frame_bits;
    } else {
        s->P_frame_bits = (int) ((float)(s->gop_size * s->bit_rate) / 
                    (float)(s->frame_rate * (I_FRAME_SIZE_RATIO + s->gop_size - 1)));
        s->I_frame_bits = (int)(s->P_frame_bits * I_FRAME_SIZE_RATIO);
    }
    
#if defined(DEBUG)
    printf("I_frame_size=%d P_frame_size=%d\n",
           s->I_frame_bits, s->P_frame_bits);
#endif
}


/*
 * This heuristic is rather poor, but at least we do not have to
 * change the qscale at every macroblock.
 */
static int rate_estimate_qscale(MpegEncContext *s)
{
    long long total_bits = s->total_bits;
    float q;
    int qscale, diff, qmin;

    if (s->pict_type == I_TYPE) {
        s->wanted_bits += s->I_frame_bits;
    } else {
        s->wanted_bits += s->P_frame_bits;
    }
    diff = s->wanted_bits - total_bits;
    q = 31.0 - (float)diff / (QSCALE_K * s->mb_height * s->mb_width);
    /* adjust for I frame */
    if (s->pict_type == I_TYPE && !s->intra_only) {
        q /= I_FRAME_SIZE_RATIO;
    }

    /* using a too small Q scale leeds to problems in mpeg1 and h263
       because AC coefficients are clamped to 255 or 127 */
    qmin = 3;
    if (q < qmin)
        q = qmin;
    else if (q > 31)
        q = 31;
    qscale = (int)(q + 0.5);
#if defined(DEBUG)
    printf("%d: total=%Ld br=%0.1f diff=%d qest=%0.1f\n", 
           s->picture_number, 
           total_bits, (float)s->frame_rate * total_bits / s->picture_number, 
           diff, q);
#endif
    return qscale;
}

AVEncoder mpeg1video_encoder = {
    "mpeg1video",
    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
    CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO,
    sizeof(MpegEncContext),
    MPV_encode_init,
    MPV_encode_picture,
    MPV_encode_end,
};

AVEncoder h263_encoder = {
    "h263",
    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
    CODEC_ID_H263,
    sizeof(MpegEncContext),
    MPV_encode_init,
    MPV_encode_picture,
    MPV_encode_end,
};

AVEncoder rv10_encoder = {
    "rv10",
    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
    CODEC_ID_RV10,
    sizeof(MpegEncContext),
    MPV_encode_init,
    MPV_encode_picture,
    MPV_encode_end,
};

AVEncoder mjpeg_encoder = {
    "mjpeg",
    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
    CODEC_ID_MJPEG,
    sizeof(MpegEncContext),
    MPV_encode_init,
    MPV_encode_picture,
    MPV_encode_end,
};

AVEncoder divx_encoder = {
    "divx",
    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
    CODEC_ID_DIVX,
    sizeof(MpegEncContext),
    MPV_encode_init,
    MPV_encode_picture,
    MPV_encode_end,
};