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<img src="/images/sm_covers/1562438425.gif" width=60 height=73 alt="Mastering Java Threads" border="1">
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    <font face="arial, helvetica" size="-1" color="#336633"><b>Mastering Java Threads</b></font>
    <br>
    <font face="arial, helvetica" size="-1"><i>by Marc Adler and David Herst</i>
    <br>
    DDC Publishing, Inc.
    <br>
    <b>ISBN:</b>&nbsp;1562438425<b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pub Date:</b>&nbsp;05/01/99</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.digitalguru.com/dgstore/product.asp?isbn=1562438425&ac%5Fid=28" TARGET="anotherwindows"><img src="/images/buyit.gif" width=64 height=23 hspace="5" align="middle" alt="Buy It" border="0"></a>
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<P><BR></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Daemon</B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="30%"><B>isDaemon()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="70%">Returns the daemon flag of the Thread.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>setDaemon(boolean)</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Marks this Thread as a 1) daemon Thread or 2) user Thread.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Synchronization Methods</B></FONT></P>
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<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="30%"><B>join(long)</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="70%">Waits for this Thread to die.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>join(long, int)</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Waits for the Thread to die, with more precise time.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>join()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Waits forever for this Thread to die.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Other Methods</B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER>
<TR>
<CAPTION VALIGN="BOTTOM"><B>Table 4-4: Additional thread methods</B></CAPTION>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="30%">Method</TH>
<TH ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="30%">Description</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>activeCount()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Returns the current number of active Threads in this Thread group.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>checkAccess()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Checks whether the current Thread is allowed to modify this Thread.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>currentThread()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Returns a reference to the currently executing Thread object.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>dumpStack()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">A debugging procedure to print a stack trace for the current Thread.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>enumerate(Thread[])</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Copies, into the specified array, references to every active Thread in this Thread&#146;s group.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>interrupt()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Send an interrupt to a Thread.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>interrupted()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Asks if you have been interrupted.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><B>isInterrupted()</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Asks if another Thread has been interrupted.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<H3><A NAME="Heading4"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Behind the Scenes: The Thread Class in C</FONT></H3>
<P>As a Web programmer, you should be interested in learning how threads are actually implemented in the Java VM. Experimentation by programmers has revealed much. The Sun JDK also contains some files which provide information regarding the underlying implementation of Java.
</P>
<P>Below is the underlying C structure that corresponds to the Thread class. This can be found in: THREADS/INCLUDE/JAVA_LANG_THREAD.H.</P>

<TABLE BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="#0000" ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR><TD>
<!-- CODE //-->
<PRE>
typedef struct Classjava_lang_Thread

{

    struct HArrayOfChar *name;

    long priority;

    struct Hjava_lang_Thread *threadQ;

    long PrivateInfo;

    long eetop;

    /*boolean*/ long single_step;

    /*boolean*/ long daemon;

    /*boolean*/ long stillborn;

    struct Hjava_lang_Runnable *target;

    struct Hjava_lang_ThreadGroup *group;

    long initial_stack_memory;

} Classjava_lang_Thread;
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE //-->
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P>Note the following regarding the internal representation of Threads within the Java VM:
</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>&#149;</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Each thread has a name and a priority</U>: there appears to be a pointer to a queue; this is possibly the queue on which Java keeps all Not Runnable threads. The variable <B>eetop</B> may be a pointer to the top of this thread&#146;s stack area and the size of the stack space.
<DD><B>&#149;</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>There are some boolean variables which relate to the thread&#146;s state</U>: there is a pointer to the thread&#146;s Runnable object (some Thread constructors take a Runnable as an argument). Also, there is a pointer to the ThreadGroup to which the thread belongs.
<DD><B>&#149;</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>The mystery is the <B>PrivateInfo</B> field</U>: this may be used by each vendor that implements a Java VM and may contain operating-system dependent information (for example, it may contain the handle of an actual Win32 thread object).
</DL>
<P><B>Lab 2: Displaying Stock Information</B></P>
<P>Remember the stock files you generated in the first Lab exercise?</P>
<P>In this Lab, you will read them back in and display them in <B><I>n</I></B> different listboxes. Perform the following steps:</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>1.</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;Avoid hard-coding constant array sizes in this application. Therefore, one task that you must perform is to determine how many STK files are available in Java. (Hint: examine the Java <B>File</B> class).
<DD><B>2.</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;For each stock file, create a new Stock object that contains information regarding that stock. Read in the price information using <U>one thread per stock file</U>.
<DD><B>3.</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;Dynamically create a listbox for each stock file and fill each listbox with the prices for that stock. Use <U>one thread per listbox</U> into which you are going to insert data.
<DD><B>4.</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;Make this application an Applet. It has a user interface component (the three listboxes), and uses the Java AWT classes. Thus, a console application will not work here; you need to make this into an Applet.
</DL>
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