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<h1><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>合成樣式</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Composite=
)</span></h1>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id=
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pan></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>目的</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Intent)</span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'=
><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>合成多個物件成=
樹狀結構以表現個別=
3287;整體</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(part-whole)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-asc=
ii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的層=
級架構。合成樣式讓=
0351;用端以一致的方式൮=
9;理個別及合成物件。<=
/span></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>動機</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Motivation)</span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>圖形處理系統如=
繪圖編輯</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(drawing Editors)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>及圖表抓取</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(schematic capture)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>系統讓使用端從簡Û=
34;的圖形組合建立合成=
圖形甚至再組合合成=
2294;形成更複雜的圖形Ӎ=
0;簡單的實作可定義原&=
#22987;</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(primitive)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-asci=
i-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的類=
別如文字及線段加上=
0854;他原始類別的組合༼=
6;別。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>此種方式的問題=
是：在寫作程式時必=
8920;以不同方式處理這ష=
8;原始物件及組合物件&=
#65292;因為必須區分這些=
289;件使得系統更複雜。=
;合成樣式將描述如何&#=
20351;用遞回合成</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(recursive composition)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMing=
LiU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>讓使用端無須做這É=
23;區分。</span></p>
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'><span
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<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>合成樣式的關鍵=
是一個表示原始及承=
6617;</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(containers)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-asc=
ii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的抽=
象類別。以圖形系統=
0358;說這個類別是</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TGraphic</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>，</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TGraphic</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>類別宣告的操作=
914;</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>Draw()</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是針=
對圖形物件，除此之=
2806;有一些是合成物件৓=
2;共用的如存取及管理&=
#20854;子代物件的操作。=
978;圖中的次類別如</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TLine</span></span><span style=3D'font-fa=
mily:PMingLiU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>、</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TRectangle</span></span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>及</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TText</span></span><span style=3D'font-fa=
mily:PMingLiU;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>定義原始圖形物件ʌ=
92;這些次類別實作</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>Draw()</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以繪=
製線段、方形及文字=
5292;同時這些圖形物件૛=
4;有子類別所以這些次&=
#39006;別無須實作與子類=
029;相關的操作。</span></p>
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<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TPicture</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>次類別定義一個=
294;形物件的聚合</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(aggregate)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-asci=
i-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，</span><=
span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TPicture</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>實作</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>Draw()</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>呼叫=
其子類別的</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>Draw()</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>並實=
作與子類別相關</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(child-related)</span><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-=
ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的操=
作。因為</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TPicture</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>的介面與</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TGraphic</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>的介面一致，所=
197;</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TPicture</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>可以再遞迴組合=
854;他</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>TPicture</span></span><span style=3D'font=
-family:
PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>。如上圖。</span></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-han=
si-font-family:
Arial'>適用性</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Applicability)</s=
pan></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:PMingLiU;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用=
合成樣式的時機如下=
5306;</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;mso-li=
st:l19 level1 lfo16;
tab-stops:list 24.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'fon=
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