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return 0;<br>memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));<br>sin.sin_family = AF_INET;<br>sin.sin_port = htons(666);<p>if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)<br>r = 0;<br>else<br>r = 1;<p>close(fd);<br>return r;<br>}<p>int try_net_raw()<br>{<br>int fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 0);<p>if (fd >= 0) {<br>close(fd);<br>return 1;<br>}<br>return 0;<br>}<p><br>int try_nice()<br>{<br>return (nice(-1) == 0);<br>}<p><br>extern caddr_t create_module(const char *, size_t);<p>int try_module()<br>{<br>errno = 0;<br>create_module("adore", 1234);<br>delete_module("adore");<br>return (errno == 0);<br>}<p><br>int try_chroot()<br>{<br>int r;<br>if (fork() == 0) {<br>if (chroot("/tmp") < 0)<br>exit(0);<br>else<br>exit(1);<br>}<br>wait(&r);<br>return r != 0;<br>}<p><br>int try_rawio()<br>{<br>int fd = open("/dev/kmem", O_RDONLY);<br>if (fd < 0)<br>return 0;<br>close(fd);<br>return 1;<br>}<p><br>int try_admin()<br>{<br>char h[1024];<br>memset(h, 0, sizeof(h));<br>gethostname(h, sizeof(h));<br>if (sethostname("hola!", 5) < 0)<br>return 0;<br>sethostname(h, strlen(h));<br>return 1;<br>}<p><br>int try_net_admin()<br>{<br>int sock;<br>struct ifreq ifr;<p>strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "lo");<p>if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)<br>return 0;<p>if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)<br>return 0;<p>ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;<br>if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)<br>return 0;<p>ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;<br>ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr);<br>close(sock);<br>return 1;<br>}<p><br>int try_ptrace()<br>{<br>int child, r = 0;<p>if ((child = fork()) == 0) {<br>sleep(10);<br>exit(0);<br>}<br>if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, child, 0, 0) < 0)<br>r = 0;<br>else<br>r = 1;<br>kill(child, SIGKILL);<br>wait(NULL);<br>return r;<br>}<p><br>int try_mknod()<br>{<br>unlink("/tmp/fd0");<br>if (mknod("/tmp/fd0", 0600|S_IFCHR, 2<<8) < 0)<br>return 0;<br>unlink("/tmp/fd0");<br>return 1;<br>}<p><br>struct {<br>int value;<br>char *name;<br>int (*try)();<br>} caps[] = {<br>{0, "CAP_CHOWN", try_chown},<br>{1, "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE", NULL},<br>{2, "CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH", NULL},<br>{3, "CAP_FOWNER", NULL},<br>{4, "CAP_FSETID", NULL},<br>{5, "CAP_KILL", try_kill},<br>{6, "CAP_SETGID", try_setgid},<br>{7, "CAP_SETUID", try_setuid},<br>{8, "CAP_SETPCAP", NULL},<br>{9, "CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE", NULL},<br>{10, "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE", try_bind},<br>{11, "CAP_NET_BROADCAST", NULL},<br>{12, "CAP_NET_ADMIN", try_net_admin},<br>{13, "CAP_NET_RAW", try_net_raw},<br>{14, "CAP_IPC_LOCK", NULL},<br>{15, "CAP_IPC_OWNER", NULL},<br>{16, "CAP_SYS_MODULE", try_module},<br>{17, "CAP_SYS_RAWIO", try_rawio},<br>{18, "CAP_SYS_CHROOT", try_chroot},<br>{19, "CAP_SYS_PTRACE", try_ptrace},<br>{20, "CAP_SYS_PACCT", NULL},<br>{21, "CAP_SYS_ADMIN", try_admin},<br>{22, "CAP_SYS_BOOT", NULL},//haha :><br>{23, "CAP_SYS_NICE", try_nice},<br>{24, "CAP_SYS_RESOURCE", NULL},<br>{25, "CAP_SYS_TIME", NULL},<br>{26, "CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG", NULL},<br>{27, "CAP_MKNOD", try_mknod},<br>{28, "CAP_LEASE", NULL},<br>{-1, (void*)0}<br>};<p><br>/* if (capable(d.cap_effective, CAP_SYS_MODULE)<br>* ...<br>*/<br>int capable(int cap, int flag)<br>{<br>return (cap & (1<<flag));<br>}<p><br>int print_cap(cap_user_data_t new, cap_user_data_t old)<br>{<br>int i = 0;<br>FILE *f;<p>if (!new || !old)<br>return -1;<p>f = fopen("/dev/tty", "w+");<br>if (!f)<br>return -1;<p>fprintf(f, "nE %x nI %x nP %x\n"<br>"oE %x oI %x oP %x\n\n",<br>new->effective, new->inheritable, new->permitted,<br>old->effective, old->inheritable, old->permitted);<p><br>/* Print New's advanced (effective) caps over old ones */<br>/* HACK! This is left here due to a private version of capcan */<br>for (i = 0; caps[i].value != -1; ++i) {<br>if (capable(new->effective, caps[i].value) &&<br>!capable(old->effective, caps[i].value))<br>fprintf(f, "e %d %s\n", caps[i].value, caps[i].name);<br>}<p>printf("\n");<p>/* Print New's advanced (inhertiable) caps over old ones */<br>for (i = 0; caps[i].value != -1; ++i) {<br>if (capable(new->inheritable, caps[i].value) &&<br>!capable(old->inheritable, caps[i].value))<br>fprintf(f, "i %d %s\n", caps[i].value, caps[i].name);<br>}<p><br>/* No news */<br>if (new->effective == new->permitted)<br>return 0;<p>printf("\n");<p>/* Print New's advanced permitted caps */<br>for (i = 0; caps[i].value != -1; ++i) {<br>if (capable(new->permitted, caps[i].value) &&<br>!capable(old->permitted, caps[i].value))<br>fprintf(f, "p %d %s\n", caps[i].value, caps[i].name);<br>}<p>fclose(f);<br>return 0;<br>}<p>int brute_caps()<br>{<br>int i = 0;<p>for (; caps[i].value != -1; ++i) {<br>if (caps[i].try) {<br>if (caps[i].try()) {<br>printf("b %d %s\n", caps[i].value,<br>caps[i].name);<br>}<br>}<br>}<br>return 0;<br>}<br>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>#capscan.c<br>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>#include <stdio.h><br>#include <errno.h><br>#include <sys/types.h><br>#include <string.h><br>#include <unistd.h><br>#include <sys/stat.h><br>#include <dirent.h><br>#include <fcntl.h><br>#include "cap.h"<p><br>extern pid_t wait(int *);<p>void die(const char *s)<br>{<br>perror(s);<br>exit(errno);<br>}<p><br>int main(int argc, char **argv)<br>{<br>cap_user_header h;<br>cap_user_data d, we;<p>h.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION;<br>h.pid = 0;<p>if (argc < 2) {<br>fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-w] [-b]\n", *argv);<br>exit(1);<br>}<p>/* Just print the caps we have yet */<br>if (argv[1][1] == 'w') {<br>if (capget(&h, &we) < 0)<br>die("capget");<p>memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));<br>print_cap(&we, &d);<p>} else if (argv[1][1] == 'b') {<br>brute_caps();<br>}<br>return 0;<br>}<br><center><A HREF="#Content">[目錄]</A></center><hr><br><A NAME="I713" ID="I713"></A><center><b><font size=+2>原理分析</font></b></center><br> 隨著Internet上的Linux主機的增加，越來越多的安全漏洞在當前的GNU/Linux系統上發現。你也許在Internet上聽說過在Linux下發現Bug，它會導致系統很容易的被黑客攻擊。<p> 因為Linux是一個開放源代碼的系統，漏洞很容易發現，并且也會很快的有補丁出來。但是當漏洞沒有公布的時候，并且管理員很懶，沒有去打補丁。黑客就會很容易的攻擊這個系統，取得root權限，在現有的GNU/Linux下，他就可以做任何他想做的事情。現在你可以問，我們現在到底可以做些什么呢？<p>1、現在的GNU/Linux錯誤在哪里？<p> 超級用戶會濫用職權，他能夠做所有他要做的事情。作為root。他會改變所有的東西。<br> 許多系統文件很容易被更改。這些文件可能是很重要的文件，如/bin/login，如果一個黑客進入，他可以上傳一個login程序來覆?? 快捷鍵說明
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