The simplest way of shading alternate rows or columns in a JTable component is to override the prepareRenderer() method. The table calls this method for every cell, just prior to displaying it. The override should call the superclass and retrieve the prepared component. It can then modify the background and foreground colors to achieve any desired pattern of shaded rows and columns. 
    // This table shades every other row yellow
    JTable table = new JTable() {
        public Component prepareRenderer(TableCellRenderer renderer,
                                         int rowIndex, int vColIndex) {
            Component c = super.prepareRenderer(renderer, rowIndex, vColIndex);
            if (rowIndex % 2 == 0 && !isCellSelected(rowIndex, vColIndex)) {
                c.setBackground(Color.yellow);
            } else {
                // If not shaded, match the table's background
                c.setBackground(getBackground());
            }
            return c;
        }
    };
    
    // This table shades every other column yellow
    table = new JTable() {
        public Component prepareRenderer(TableCellRenderer renderer,
                                         int rowIndex, int vColIndex) {
            Component c = super.prepareRenderer(renderer, rowIndex, vColIndex);
            if (vColIndex % 2 == 0 && !isCellSelected(rowIndex, vColIndex)) {
                c.setBackground(Color.yellow);
            } else {
                // If not shaded, match the table's background
                c.setBackground(getBackground());
            }
            return c;
        }
    };