?? 工廠方法樣式.mht
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<h2><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi=
-font-family:
Arial'>工厂方法样式</span><span lang=3D=
EN-US>(Factory
Method)</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p>=
</o:p></span></h2>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW=
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<h3><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi=
-font-family:
Arial'>目的</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Intent)</span><span lang=
=3DEN-US
style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>工厂方法定义构=
建对象的接口；但是=
5753;子类别决定哪一个౲=
7;别构建实体对象</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(instantiate)</span><=
span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，工厂方法将构=
建实体对象委托</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(defer)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>给子类别。<span
style=3D'color:navy'>《译注：因为ࢷ=
2;父类别并不知道要构&=
#24314;的对象实体是哪一=
010;子类别：因此将构建=
;对象的责任委托或者&#=
24310;迟到子类别才决定z=
90;》</span></span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi=
-font-family:
Arial'>动机</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Motivation)</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>框架</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-f=
areast-font-family:
SimSun'>(Framework)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用=
抽象类别取定义及维=
5252;对象彼此之间的关౿=
5;。框架同时负有为这&=
#20123;对象构建实体的责=
219;。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>假设有一个应用=
系统</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(application)</span><=
span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的框架可以显示=
各种文件</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(document)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>给使用端；这个=
框架可以抽取出两个=
0027;要类别：一个是应ஷ=
2;程序类别</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(application)</span><=
span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>；一个是文件别=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(document)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。这两个类别都=
是抽象的</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(abstract)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>；使用端</span><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(clients)</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>必须继承自这两ߑ=
0;类别以了解其如何去&=
#23454;作应用系统的关连</sp=
an><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(application-specific=
)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>文件<span style=3D'color:navy'>《ť=
93;注：也就是与应用程=
序相对可以处理的数=
5454;型态》</span>。例如我们=
;建立的是一个绘图系&#=
32479;；我们定义一个绘Þ=
70;应用系统</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(DrawingApplication)<=
/span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>及一个图形文件=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(DrawingDocument)</sp=
an><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-f=
ont-family:
SimSun'>,</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>这个绘图&#=
24212;用系统负责管理文Ê=
14;即在需要时负责构建=
对象。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>因为个别文件子=
类别的实体构建是属=
0110;应用系统关连</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(application-specific=
)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>；因系统无法事=
先知道哪一个文件的=
3376;类别要被构建实体ᦂ=
7;他只知道何时一个新&=
#30340;文件对象要被构建A=
307;但不知道所要构建的=
;是哪一类文件对象。&#=
27492;时有个问题就是这È=
10;框架必须为一个类别=
构建对象实体；但他=
1482;知道他的抽象类别ᦂ=
7;而抽象类别是无法构&=
#24314;对象实体的。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoBodyTextIndent><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-fo=
nt-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>工厂=
方法样式提供一个解=
0915;方式。他封装哪一ߑ=
0;文件对象必须构建的&=
#30693;识并且将这这个知#=
782;移出框架。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span><=
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ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoBodyTextIndent><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-langua=
ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoBodyTextIndent><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-langua=
ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoBodyTextIndent><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-langua=
ge:ZH-TW'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<br style=3D'mso-ignore:vglayout' clear=3DALL>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.25=
'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>应用系统子类别=
重新定义一个抽象的=
2302;构建文件的操作</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun'>(CreateDocument opera=
tion)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>』；这个构建文=
件的操作传回符合需=
7714;的文件子类别。只ව=
1;一个应用系统子类别&=
#34987;构建实体对象；他=
516;时也可以构建相关的=
;文件实体对象而无须&#=
30693;道文件的类别。此ą=
02;我们称『构建文件的=
操作』为一个工厂方=
7861;；因为他的责任就਷=
9;制造对象。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi=
-font-family:
Arial'>适用性</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(Applicability)</s=
pan><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:sha=
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src=3D"file7231.files/image004.gif" alt=3D"*" v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1026"><![=
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