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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>80386 Programmer's Reference Manual -- Section 13.3</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><B>up:</B> <A HREF="c13.htm">Chapter 13 -- Executing 80286 Protected-Mode Code</A><BR><B>prev:</B> <A HREF="s13_02.htm">13.2 Two ways to Execute 80286 Tasks</A><BR><B>next:</B> <A HREF="c14.htm">Chapter 14 -- 80386 Real-Address Mode</A><P><HR><P><H1>13.3 Differences From 80286</H1>The few differences that do exist primarily affect operating system code.<H2>13.3.1 Wraparound of 80286 24-Bit Physical Address Space</H2>With the 80286, any base and offset combination that addresses beyond 16Mbytes wraps around to the first megabyte of the 80286 address space. Withthe 80386, since it has a greater physical address space, any such addressfalls into the 17th megabyte. In the unlikely event that any softwaredepends on this anomaly, the same effect can be simulated on the 80386 byusing paging to map the first 64K bytes of the 17th megabyte of logicaladdresses to physical addresses in the first megabyte.<H2>13.3.2 Reserved Word of Descriptor</H2>Because the 80386 uses the contents of the reserved word (last word) ofevery descriptor, 80286 programs that place values in this word may notexecute correctly on the 80386.<H2>13.3.3 New Descriptor Type Codes</H2>Operating-system code that manages space in descriptor tables often uses aninvalid value in the access-rights field of descriptor-table entries toidentify unused entries. Access rights values of 80H and 00H remain invalidfor both the 80286 and 80386. Other values that were invalid on for the80286 may be valid for the 80386 because of the additional descriptor typesdefined by the 80386.<H2>13.3.4 Restricted Semantics of LOCK</H2>The 80286 processor implements the bus lock function differently than the80386. Programs that use forms of memory locking specific to the 80286 maynot execute properly when transported to a specific application of the80386.<P>The <A HREF="LOCK.htm">LOCK</A> prefix and its corresponding output signal should only be used toprevent other bus masters from interrupting a data movement operation. <A HREF="LOCK.htm">LOCK</A>may only be used with the following 80386 instructions when they modifymemory. An undefined-opcode exception results from using <A HREF="LOCK.htm">LOCK</A> before anyother instruction.<UL><LI> Bit test and change: <A HREF="BTS.htm">BTS</A>, <A HREF="BTR.htm">BTR</A>, <A HREF="BTC.htm">BTC</A>.<LI> Exchange: <A HREF="XCGH.htm">XCHG</A>.<LI> One-operand arithmetic and logical: <A HREF="INC.htm">INC</A>, <A HREF="DEC.htm">DEC</A>, <A HREF="NOT.htm">NOT</A>, and <A HREF="NEG.htm">NEG</A>.<LI> Two-operand arithmetic and logical: <A HREF="ADD.htm">ADD</A>, <A HREF="ADC.htm">ADC</A>, <A HREF="SUB.htm">SUB</A>, <A HREF="SBB.htm">SBB</A>, <A HREF="AND.htm">AND</A>, <A HREF="OR.htm">OR</A>, <A HREF="XOR.htm">XOR</A>.</UL>A locked instruction is guaranteed to lock only the area of memory definedby the destination operand, but may lock a larger memory area. For example,typical 8086 and 80286 configurations lock the entire physical memory space.With the 80386, the defined area of memory is guaranteed to be lockedagainst access by a processor executing a locked instruction on exactly thesame memory area, i.e., an operand with identical starting address andidentical length.<H2>13.3.5 Additional Exceptions</H2>The 80386 defines new exceptions that can occur even in systems designedfor the 80286.<DL><DT>Exception #6 -- invalid opcode<DD>This exception can result from improper use of the <A HREF="LOCK.htm">LOCK</A> instruction.<DT> Exception #14 -- page fault<DD>This exception may occur in an 80286 program if the operating systemenables paging. Paging can be used in a system with 80286 tasks as longas all tasks use the same page directory. Because there is no place inan 80286 TSS to store the PDBR, switching to an 80286 task does notchange the value of PDBR. Tasks ported from the 80286 should be given80386 TSSs so they can take full advantage of paging.</DL><P><HR><P><B>up:</B> <A HREF="c13.htm">Chapter 13 -- Executing 80286 Protected-Mode Code</A><BR><B>prev:</B> <A HREF="s13_02.htm">13.2 Two ways to Execute 80286 Tasks</A><BR><B>next:</B> <A HREF="c14.htm">Chapter 14 -- 80386 Real-Address Mode</A> </BODY>?? 快捷鍵說明
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