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COPYRIGHT NOTICE
NTL -- A Library for Doing Number Theory
Copyright (C) 1996-2005 Victor Shoup
The most recent version of NTL is available at http://www.shoup.net
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
This entire copyright notice should be placed in an appropriately
conspicuous place accompanying all distributions of software that
make use of NTL.
The above terms apply to all of the software modules distributed with NTL,
i.e., all source files in either the ntl-xxx.tar.gz or WinNTL-xxx.zip
distributions. In general, the individual files do not contain
copyright notices.
Note that the quad_float package is derived from the doubledouble package,
originally developed by Keith Briggs, and also licensed unger the GNU GPL.
The files quad_float.c and quad_float.h contain more detailed copyright
notices.
Note that the traditional long integer package used by NTL, lip.c, is derived
from---and represents an extensive modification of---
a package originally developed and copyrighted by Arjen Lenstra,
who has agreed to renounce any copyright claims on the particular
version of the long integer package appearing in NTL, so that the
this package now is covered by the GNU GPL as well.
Note that the alternative long integer package used by NTL is GMP,
which is written by Torbjorn Granlund <tege@swox.com>.
GMP is licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
Note that NTL makes use of the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message
Digest Algorithm.
Note that prior to version 4.0, NTL was distributed under the following terms:
NTL is freely available for research and educational purposes.
I don't want to attach any legalistic licensing restrictions on
users of NTL.
However, NTL should not be linked in a commercial program
(although using data in a commercial
product produced by a program that used NTL is fine).
The hope is that the GNU GPL is actually less restrictive than these
older terms; however, in any circumstances such that GNU GPL is more
restrictive, then the following rule is in force:
versions prior to 4.0 may continue to be used under the old terms,
but users of versions 4.0 or later should adhere to the terms of the GNU GPL.
END COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Following is the complete text of the GNU General Public License.
Note that the copyright notice below applies to the text of the license
itself, and not to NTL.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
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that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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