// symbreg.cc/* ---------------------------------------------------------------Symbolic RegressionAn example for how to use gpc++ - The Genetic Programming KernelThis program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modifyit under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published bythe Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)any later version.This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, butWITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty ofMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNUGeneral Public License for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public Licensealong with this program; if not, write to the Free SoftwareFoundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.Copyright 1996, 1997 Thomas WeinbrennerFor comments, improvements, additions (or even money !?) contact:Thomas WeinbrennerGrauensteinstr. 2635789 LaimbachGermanyE-mail: thomasw@emk.e-technik.th-darmstadt.deWWW:    http://www.emk.e-technik.th-darmstadt/~thomasw--------------------------------------------------------------- */#include <iostream.h>#include <fstream.h>#include <strstream.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <new.h>    // For the new-handler#include <math.h>   // fabs()#include <string.h>// Include header file of genetic programming system.#include "gp.h" #include "gpconfig.h"#include "symbreg.h"// Define the function to be symbolically regressed and set up// question and answer array with some points for the function#define EQUATION(x)  (x*x*x*x + x*x*x + x*x + x)#define DATAPOINTS 10double ques[DATAPOINTS];double answ[DATAPOINTS];// The TeX-fileofstream tout;int printTexStyle=0;// Define configuration parameters and the neccessary array to// read/write the configuration to a file. If you need more variables,// just add them below and insert an entry in the configArray.GPVariables cfg;char *InfoFileName="data";struct GPConfigVarInformation configArray[]={  {"PopulationSize", DATAINT, &cfg.PopulationSize},  {"NumberOfGenerations", DATAINT, &cfg.NumberOfGenerations},  {"CreationType", DATAINT, &cfg.CreationType},  {"CrossoverProbability", DATADOUBLE, &cfg.CrossoverProbability},  {"CreationProbability", DATADOUBLE, &cfg.CreationProbability},  {"MaximumDepthForCreation", DATAINT, &cfg.MaximumDepthForCreation},  {"MaximumDepthForCrossover", DATAINT, &cfg.MaximumDepthForCrossover},  {"SelectionType", DATAINT, &cfg.SelectionType},  {"TournamentSize", DATAINT, &cfg.TournamentSize},  {"DemeticGrouping", DATAINT, &cfg.DemeticGrouping},  {"DemeSize", DATAINT, &cfg.DemeSize},  {"DemeticMigProbability", DATADOUBLE, &cfg.DemeticMigProbability},  {"SwapMutationProbability", DATADOUBLE, &cfg.SwapMutationProbability},  {"ShrinkMutationProbability", DATADOUBLE, &cfg.ShrinkMutationProbability},  {"SteadyState", DATAINT, &cfg.SteadyState},  {"AddBestToNewPopulation", DATAINT, &cfg.AddBestToNewPopulation},  {"InfoFileName", DATASTRING, &InfoFileName},  {"", DATAINT, NULL}};// Print out a gene in typical math style. Don't be confused, I don't// make a difference whether this gene is the main program or an ADF,// I assume the internal structure is correct.void MyGene::printMathStyle (ostream& os, int lastPrecedence){  int precedence;  // Function or terminal?  if (isFunction ())    {      // Determine operator priority      switch (node->value ())	{	case '*': 	case '%': 	  precedence=1;	  break;	case '+': 	case '-': 	  precedence=0;	  break;	case 'A': 	  precedence=2;	  break;	default:	  GPExitSystem ("MyGene::printMathStyle", 			"Undefined function value");	}      // Do we need brackets?      if (lastPrecedence>precedence)	os << "(";      // Print out the operator and the parameters       switch (node->value ())	{	case '*': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  os << "*";	  NthMyChild(1)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case '+': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  os << "+";	  NthMyChild(1)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case '-': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  os << "-";	  NthMyChild(1)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case '%': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  os << "%";	  NthMyChild(1)->printMathStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case 'A': 	  // This is the ADF0-function. We put the parameters in	  // brackets and start again with precedence 0.	  os << "ADF0 (";	  NthMyChild(0)->printMathStyle (os, 0);	  os << ",";	  NthMyChild(1)->printMathStyle (os, 0);	  os << ")";	  break;	default: 	  GPExitSystem ("MyGene::printMathStyle", 			"Undefined function value");	}      // Do we need brackets?      if (lastPrecedence>precedence)	os << ")";    }  // Print the terminal  if (isTerminal ())    os << *node;}// Print out a gene in LaTeX-style. Don't be confused, I don't make a// difference whether this gene is the main program or an ADF, I// assume the internal structure is correct.void MyGene::printTeXStyle (ostream& os, int lastPrecedence){  int precedence=0;  // Function or terminal?  if (isFunction ())    {      // Determine operator priority      switch (node->value())	{	case '*': 	case '%': 	  precedence=2;	  break;	case '+': 	case '-': 	  precedence=1;	  break;	case 'A': 	  precedence=3;	  break;	default:	  GPExitSystem ("MyGene::printTeXStyle", 			"Undefined function value");	}      // Do we need brackets?      if (lastPrecedence>precedence)	os << "\\left(";      // Print out the operator and the parameters       switch (node->value())	{	case '*': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printTeXStyle (os, precedence);	  os << " ";	  NthMyChild(1)->printTeXStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case '+': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printTeXStyle (os, precedence);	  os << "+";	  NthMyChild(1)->printTeXStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case '-': 	  NthMyChild(0)->printTeXStyle (os, precedence);	  os << "-";	  NthMyChild(1)->printTeXStyle (os, precedence);	  break;	case '%': 	  // As we use \frac, we start again with precedence 0	  os << "\\frac{";	  NthMyChild(0)->printTeXStyle (os, 0);	  os << "}{";	  NthMyChild(1)->printTeXStyle (os, 0);	  os << "}";	  break;	case 'A': 	  // This is the ADF0-function. We put the parameters in	  // brackets and start again with precedence 0.	  os << "f_2(";	  NthMyChild(0)->printTeXStyle (os, 0);	  os << ",";	  NthMyChild(1)->printTeXStyle (os, 0);	  os << ")";	  break;	default: 	  GPExitSystem ("MyGene::printTeXStyle", 			"Undefined function value");	}      // Do we need brackets?      if (lastPrecedence>precedence)	os << "\\right)";    }  // We can't let the terminal print itself, because we want to modify  // it a little bit  if (isTerminal ())    switch (node->value ())      {      case 'X': 	os << "x";	break;      case 1:	os << "x_1";	break;      case 2:	os << "x_2";	break;      default: 	GPExitSystem ("MyGene::printTeXStyle", 		      "Undefined terminal value");      }}// Print a Gene.void MyGene::printOn (ostream& os){  if (printTexStyle)    printTeXStyle (os);  else    printMathStyle (os);}// Print a GP. If we want a LaTeX-output, we must provide for the// equation environment, otherwise we simply call the print function// of our base class.void MyGP::printOn (ostream& os){  // If we use LaTeX-style, we provide here for the right equation  // overhead used for LaTeX.   if (printTexStyle)    {