#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>class Excp{
public:
	virtual void print(){
		cout<< "An exception has occurred"<<endl;
	}
	
};

template<typename T>class stackExcp:public Excp<T>{
};

template<typename T>class pushOnFull:public stackExcp<T>{
public:
	pushOnFull(T i):_value(i){}
	int value(){ return _value;}

	virtual void print()
	{
		cerr <<"trying to push the value "<<_value<<" on a full stack\n";
	}
private:
	T _value;
}; 

template<typename T>class popOnEmpty:public stackExcp<T>{
public:
	virtual void print()
	{
		cerr<<"trying to pop"<<endl;
	}
};