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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"/><title>轉貼：嵌入式系統常用詞匯表 turbolinux </title></head><body><center><h1>BBS 水木清華站∶精華區</h1></center><a name="top"></a>發信人: flyboyofhn (生下來就是個詩人), 信區: Embedded <br />標 題: 轉貼：嵌入式系統常用詞匯表 <br />發信站: BBS 水木清華站 (Fri Sep 13 22:36:13 2002), 站內信件 <br /> <br />主題：自己翻譯的嵌入式系統詞匯表。我是初學者，水平有限，大家隨便看看！ <--- <br />〖回復該帖子〗 <br />嵌入式系統詞匯表 <br />A <br />ASIC（專用集成電路） <br />Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware <br /> in a chip. <br />專用集成電路。一個在一個芯片上定制設計的硬件。 <br />address bus （地址總線） <br />A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripher <br />als withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to se <br />lect aspecific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. I <br />f the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely ad <br />dress up to 2^n such locations. <br />一個連接處理器與所有外設的，用來通訊的電子線路集。地址總線被處理器用來選擇在 <br />特定外設中的存儲器地址或寄存器。如果地址總線有n條電子線路，處理器能唯一尋址高 <br />達2^n的地址空間。 <br />application software（應用軟件） <br />Describes software modules specific to a particular embedded project. Theapp <br />lication software is unlikely to be reusable across embedded platforms, simp <br />lybecause each embedded system has a different application. <br />用來描述一個特定的嵌入式項目中的某一軟件模塊。應用軟件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式 <br />平臺，只是因為每一個嵌入式系統有不同的應用軟件。 <br />assembler（匯編編譯器） <br />A software development tool that translates human-readable assembly language <br />programs into machine-language instructions that the processor can understan <br />dand execute. <br />一個能把人可讀的匯編語言程序轉換到處理器可理解和運行的機器指令的軟件開發工具 <br />。 <br />assembly language（匯編語言） <br />A human-readable form of a processor"s instruction set. Most processor-speci <br />fic functions must be written in assembly language. <br />一種人可讀的處理器指令集的形式。大多數處理器相關的功能必須用匯編語言編寫。 <br />B <br />BSP（板卡支持包） <br />See board support package. <br />見board support package。 <br />binary semaphore(二元信號) <br />A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex. <br />一種只有兩種狀態的信號。也叫互斥信號。 <br />board support package（板卡支持包） <br />Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typicall <br />y,sample source code for the board support package is provided by the packag <br />e developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and li <br />nked with the remainder of the software package. <br />軟件包的具有平臺依賴性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發者提 <br />供。樣例源程序必須能在需要時被修改、編譯并與軟件包的剩下的部分連接起來。 <br />bond-out processor （外合處理器） <br />A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals broug <br />ht out to external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an <br />emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system. <br /> 一種特殊版本的處理器，它有一些，內部的信號能傳達到外置的針腳上。一個外合處 <br />理器絕大多數情況下只用在模擬器上，從來不會被特意用在產品系統上。 <br />Breakpoint （斷點） <br />A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of t <br />he processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing <br />breakpoints are provided by most debugging tools. <br /> 一個在程序中的地址，在那里程序的執行被停止，并且處理器的控制轉換到了除錯程 <br />序。大多數除錯工具提供增加與刪除一個斷點的機制。 <br />C <br />CISC（復雜指令集計算機） <br />Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor <br />family. CISC processors generally feature variable-length instructions, mult <br />iple addressing formats, and contain only a small number of general-purpose <br />registers. Intel"s 80x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Contr <br />ast with RISC. <br /> 復雜指令集計算機。對一種處理器架構的描述。CISC處理器一般產生變長的指令，多 <br />種地址格式，并且僅僅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC處理器 <br />。相對于RISC而言。 <br />CPU（中央處理器） <br />Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes instructions. <br /> <br />中央處理器。處理器中執行指令的那一部分。 <br />Compiler（編譯器） <br />A software development tool that translates high-level language programs int <br />o the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understa <br />nd and execute. <br />把高級編程語言程序轉換到只有特定的處理器能了解和執行的機器指令的一種軟件開發 <br />包。 <br />context （上下文） <br />The current state of the processor"s registers and flags. <br />處理器當前的狀態和標志。 <br />context switch（上下文切換） <br />The process of switching from one task to another in a multitasking operatin <br />g system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running task a <br />nd restoring the previously-saved context of the other. The piece of code th <br />at does this is necessarily processor-specific. <br />在多任務操作系統中我一個任務切換到另一個的過程。上下文切換包括保存正在運行的 <br />任務的上下文和恢復早先保存的另一個任務的上下文。做這個工作的一段代碼必須具有 <br />處理器特權。 <br />counting semaphore（計數信號） <br />A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same typ <br />e. An attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the ava <br />ilable resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore. <br />一種用來跟蹤多個相同類型資源的信號燈。僅僅在所有可用的資源都被用完了時才阻塞 <br />。相對二元信號而言。 <br />critical section（臨界段） <br />A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption t <br />o guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race condition. <br />一段必須按次序執行的代碼，并且不能被中斷，否則不能保證軟件正確地操作。參照： <br />競爭狀況。 <br />cross-compiler（交叉編譯器） <br /> A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it prod <br />uces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces obje <br />ct code for the target. <br />一個運行在不同的平臺上的編譯器，其中之一能產生目標代碼。交叉編譯器在主機上運 <br />行并且產生目標機的目標代碼。 <br />D <br />DMA（直接內存訪問） <br />Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two <br /> peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal interventi <br />on by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called <br />a DMA controller. <br />直接內存訪問。一種直接在兩個外設（通常是內存和I/O設備）之間進行數據傳輸的技術 <br />，它只要處理器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設進行管理。 <br />DRAM（動態隨機訪問存儲器） <br />Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only <br /> as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals. <br /> The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM cont <br />roller. <br />動態隨機訪問存儲器。一種RAM，存儲在其設備中的數據被定期刷新時才能保存它的內容 <br />。刷新周期一般由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設完成。 <br />Data bus（數據總線） <br />A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripher <br />als with which it communicates. When the processor wants to read (write) the <br /> contents of a memory location or register within a particular peripheral, i <br />t sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives (transmits) the conte <br />nts on the data bus. <br />連接處理器與所有外設進行通訊的電子線路集。當一個處理器想去寫（讀）某一特定外 <br />設中的存儲器地址或寄存器中的內容時，處理器設置地址總線并在數據總線上接收（傳 <br />輸）內容。 <br />?? 快捷鍵說明
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