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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"/><title>轉(zhuǎn)貼：嵌入式系統(tǒng)常用詞匯表（2） turbolinux </title></head><body><center><h1>BBS 水木清華站∶精華區(qū)</h1></center><a name="top"></a>發(fā)信人: flyboyofhn (生下來就是個詩人), 信區(qū): Embedded <br />標 題: 轉(zhuǎn)貼：嵌入式系統(tǒng)常用詞匯表（2） <br />發(fā)信站: BBS 水木清華站 (Fri Sep 13 22:37:36 2002), 站內(nèi)信件 <br /> <br />Profiler（明細觀察程序） <br />A software development tool that collects and reports execution statistics f <br />or your programs. These statistics include the number of calls to each subro <br />utine and the total amount of time spent within each. This data can be used <br />to learn which subroutines are the most critical and, therefore, demand the <br />greatest code efficiency. <br />一種報告你的程序運行統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的軟件調(diào)試工具。這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)包括調(diào)用每個子程序的 <br />次數(shù)和用去的時間。這些數(shù)據(jù)常被用來了解哪些子程序是最關鍵的，并且，由此要求使 <br />最好的代碼有效率。 <br />program counter <br />See instruction pointer. <br />R <br />RAM（隨機訪問存儲器） <br />Random-Access Memory. A broad classification of memory devices that includes <br /> all devices in which individual memory locations may be read or written as <br />required. <br />隨機訪問存儲器。一個包含了所有每個地址能被按需讀寫的存儲設備的粗略分類。 <br />RISC（精簡指令集計算機） <br />Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor <br />family. RISC processors generally feature fixed-length instructions, a load- <br />store memory architecture, and a large number of general-purpose registers a <br />nd/or register windows. The MIPS processor family is an excellent example. C <br />ontrast with CISC. <br />精簡指令集計算機。一個處理器族的描述。RISC處理器一般的特征是固定長度的指令集 <br />，一個負載儲備存儲結(jié)構(gòu)，和大量通用寄存器，及寄存器窗口。MIPS處理器族是極好的 <br />例子。相對CISC而言。 <br />ROM（只讀存儲器） <br />Read-Only Memory. A broad classification of memory devices that includes all <br /> devices in which the individual memory locations may be read, but not writt <br />en. <br />只讀存儲器。一個包括所的的每個地址只能被讀，不能被寫的存儲器的大概分類。 <br />ROM emulator（ROM模擬器） <br />A debugging tool that takes the place of-or emulates-the ROM on your target <br />board. A ROM emulator acts very much like a debug monitor, except that it in <br />cludes its own serial or network connection to the host. <br />一種在你的目標板上代替或模擬ROM的調(diào)試工具。ROM模擬器動作起來象一個除錯監(jiān)視器 <br />，除了它包含自己連到主機上的串口或網(wǎng)絡外。 <br />ROM monitor <br />See debug monitor. <br />RTOS（實時操作系統(tǒng)） <br />Real-Time Operating System. An operating system designed specifically for us <br />e in real-time systems. <br />實時操作系統(tǒng)。一種被特殊設計來用在實時系統(tǒng)中的操作系統(tǒng)。 <br />race condition（競爭狀態(tài)） <br />A situation in which the outcome of a program may be affected by the exact o <br />rder in which the instructions are executed. Race conditions are only an iss <br />ue where interrupts and/or preemption are possible and where critical sectio <br />ns exist. <br />一種程序運行的結(jié)果可能被指令執(zhí)行的順序影響的情形。競爭狀態(tài)僅僅有一種情況下產(chǎn) <br />生，在此處中斷或（和）優(yōu)先搶占是充許的并且有一個臨界區(qū)存在。 <br />real-time system（實時系統(tǒng)） <br />Any computer system, embedded or otherwise, that has deadlines. The followin <br />g question can be used to distinguish real-time systems from the rest: "Is a <br /> late answer as bad, or even worse, than a wrong answer?" In other words, wh <br />at happens if the computation doesn"t finish in time? If nothing bad happens <br />, it"s not a real-time system. If someone dies or the mission fails, it"s ge <br />nerally considered "hard" real-time, which is meant to imply that the system <br /> has "hard" deadlines. Everything in between is "soft" real-time. <br /> 任何計算機系統(tǒng)，嵌入的或其他的，有一個死線。以下的問題可經(jīng)被用來區(qū)分實時 <br />系統(tǒng)與其他的系統(tǒng)：“是遲到的回答壞，還是一個錯誤的回答壞？”換句話說，如果計 <br />算機沒有在指定時間內(nèi)完成它的工作會發(fā)生什么？如果什么也沒有發(fā)生，它不是一個實 <br />時系統(tǒng)。如果一些人死或任務失敗，它被認為是“硬”實時系統(tǒng)，意思是系統(tǒng)有一個“ <br />硬”死線。介于兩者之間的是“軟”實時系統(tǒng)。 <br />Recursive（遞歸） <br />Said of software that calls itself. Recursion should generally be avoided in <br /> an embedded system, since it frequently requires a large stack. <br />自己調(diào)用自己的程序的說法。遞歸一般在嵌入式系統(tǒng)中是不充許的，因為它常常占有大 <br />量的堆棧空間。 <br />Reentrant（可再入的） <br />Said of software that can be executed multiple times simultaneously. A reent <br />rant function can be safely called recursively or from multiple tasks. The k <br />ey to making code reentrant is to ensure mutual exclusion whenever accessing <br /> global variables or shared registers. <br />可同時多次運行的程序的說法。可再入的函數(shù)可以被安全地遞歸調(diào)用或由多任務多次調(diào) <br />用。使代碼可再入的關鍵在于確保在訪問全局變量或共享寄存器時互斥現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。 <br />Register（寄存器） <br />A memory location that is part of a processor or an I/O device. In other wor <br />ds, it"s not normal memory. Generally, each bit or set of bits within the re <br />gister controls some behavior of the larger device. <br />是處理器或I/O設備一部分的儲存器的地址。換句話說，不是標準的儲存器。一般地，在 <br />寄存器控制每一二進制位或二進制位的集控制大量設備的一些行為。 <br />Relocatable（可重定位的） <br />A file containing object code that is almost ready for execution on the targ <br />et. The final step is to use a locator to fix the remaining relocatable addr <br />esses within the code. The result of that process is an executable. <br />包含幾乎可以準備好在目標機上運行的目標代碼的文件。最后一步是使用定位程序去整 <br />理保留在代碼中的可重定位地址。這個步驟的結(jié)果是一個可執(zhí)行的程序。 <br />reset address（重啟地址） <br />The address from which the first instruction will be fetched after the proce <br />ssor is powered on or reset. <br />一個處理器上電或重啟后第一個指令能被從之取出來的地址。 <br />reset code（重啟代碼） <br />A small piece of code that is placed at the reset address. The reset code is <br /> usually written in assembly language and may simply be the equivalent of "j <br />ump to the startup code." <br />一段被放置在重啟地址的代碼。重啟代碼一般用匯編語言編寫并且可能相當簡單，只是 <br />?? 快捷鍵說明
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