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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"/><title>嵌入式系統詞匯表 afh </title></head><body><center><h1>BBS 水木清華站∶精華區</h1></center><a name="top"></a>發信人: beary (京醬肉絲), 信區: Embedded <br />標 題: 嵌入式系統詞匯表 <br />發信站: BBS 水木清華站 (Fri May 19 18:00:56 2000) <br /> <br />A <br />ASIC <br />Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware <br /> in a <br />chip. <br />address bus <br />A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripher <br />als with <br />which it communicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select a <br />specific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. If the <br />address <br />bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely address up to 2^ <br />n such <br />locations. <br />application software <br />Describes software modules specific to a particular embedded project. The <br />application software is unlikely to be reusable across embedded platforms, s <br />imply <br />because each embedded system has a different application. <br />assembler <br />A software development tool that translates human-readable assembly language <br /> <br />programs into machine-language instructions that the processor can understan <br />d <br />and execute. <br />assembly language <br />A human-readable form of a processor's instruction set. Most processor-speci <br />fic <br />functions must be written in assembly language. <br />B <br />BSP <br />See board support package. <br />binary semaphore <br />A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex. <br />board support package <br />Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typicall <br />y, <br />sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package <br />developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and link <br />ed <br />with the remainder of the software package. <br />bond-out processor <br />A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals broug <br />ht out <br />to external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an emulato <br />r and <br />is never intended to be used in a production system. <br />breakpoint <br />A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of t <br />he <br />processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing <br />breakpoints are provided by most debugging tools. <br />C <br />CISC <br />Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor <br />family. CISC processors generally feature variable-length instructions, mult <br />iple <br />addressing formats, and contain only a small number of general-purpose regis <br />ters. <br />Intel's 80x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Contrast with RI <br />SC. <br />CPU <br />Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes instructions. <br /> <br />compiler <br />A software development tool that translates high-level language programs int <br />o the <br />machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and <br /> <br />execute. <br />context <br />The current state of the processor's registers and flags. <br />context switch <br />The process of switching from one task to another in a multitasking operatin <br />g <br />system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running task and <br /> <br />restoring the previously-saved context of the other. The piece of code that <br />does <br />this is necessarily processor-specific. <br />counting semaphore <br />A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same typ <br />e. An <br />attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available <br /> <br />resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore. <br />critical section <br />A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption t <br />o <br />guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race condition. <br />cross-compiler <br />A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it produ <br />ces <br />object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object co <br />de <br />for the target. <br />D <br />DMA <br />Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two <br /> <br />peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal interventio <br />n by <br />the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA <br />controller. <br />DRAM <br />Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only <br /> <br />as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals. <br />The <br />refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controlle <br />r. <br />DSP <br />See digital signal processor. <br />data bus <br />A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripher <br />als with <br />which it communicates. When the processor wants to read (write) the contents <br /> of <br />a memory location or register within a particular peripheral, it sets the ad <br />dress <br />bus pins appropriately and receives (transmits) the contents on the data bus <br />. <br />deadline <br />The time at which a particular set of computations must be completed. See al <br />so <br />real-time system. <br />deadlock <br />An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, w <br />aiting <br />for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock o <br />ccurs, <br />the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is usually possible <br />to <br />prevent deadlocks altogether by following certain software design practices. <br /> <br />debug monitor <br />A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as <br />a <br />debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and communicates with a debugger v <br />ia a <br />serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a set of primi <br />tive <br />commands to view and modify memory locations and registers, create and remov <br />e <br />breakpoints, and execute your program. The debugger combines these primitive <br />s <br />to fulfill higher-level requests like program download and single-step. <br />debugger <br />A software development tool used to test and debug embedded software. The <br />debugger runs on a host computer and connects to the target through a serial <br /> port <br />or network connection. Using a debugger you can download software to the tar <br />get <br />for immediate execution. You can also set breakpoints and examine the conten <br />ts <br />of specific memory locations and registers. <br />device driver <br />A software module that hides the details of a particular peripheral and prov <br />ides a <br />high-level programming interface to it. <br />device programmer <br />A tool for programming non-volatile memories and other <br />electrically-programmable devices. Typically, the programmable device is ins <br />erted <br />into a socket on the device programmer and the contents of a memory buffer a <br />?? 快捷鍵說明
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