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consulted for information about the procedure for establishing new <br /> options. <br />THE NETWORK VIRTUAL TERMINAL <br /> The Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) is a bi-directional character <br /> device. The NVT has a printer and a keyboard. The printer responds <br /> to incoming data and the keyboard produces outgoing data which is <br /> sent over the TELNET connection and, if "echoes" are desired, to the <br /> NVT's printer as well. "Echoes" will not be expected to traverse the <br /> network (although options exist to enable a "remote" echoing mode of <br /> operation, no host is required to implement this option). The code <br /> set is seven-bit USASCII in an eight-bit field, except as modified <br /> herein. Any code conversion and timing considerations are local <br /> problems and do not affect the NVT. <br /> TRANSMISSION OF DATA <br /> Although a TELNET connection through the network is intrinsically <br /> full duplex, the NVT is to be viewed as a half-duplex device <br /> operating in a line-buffered mode. That is, unless and until <br />Postel & Reynolds [Page 4] <br /> <br />RFC 854 May 1983 <br /> options are negotiated to the contrary, the following default <br /> conditions pertain to the transmission of data over the TELNET <br /> connection: <br /> 1) Insofar as the availability of local buffer space permits, <br /> data should be accumulated in the host where it is generated <br /> until a complete line of data is ready for transmission, or <br /> until some locally-defined explicit signal to transmit occurs. <br /> This signal could be generated either by a process or by a <br /> human user. <br /> The motivation for this rule is the high cost, to some hosts, <br /> of processing network input interrupts, coupled with the <br /> default NVT specification that "echoes" do not traverse the <br /> network. Thus, it is reasonable to buffer some amount of data <br /> at its source. Many systems take some processing action at the <br /> end of each input line (even line printers or card punches <br /> frequently tend to work this way), so the transmission should <br /> be triggered at the end of a line. On the other hand, a user <br /> or process may sometimes find it necessary or desirable to <br /> provide data which does not terminate at the end of a line; <br /> therefore implementers are cautioned to provide methods of <br /> locally signaling that all buffered data should be transmitted <br /> immediately. <br /> 2) When a process has completed sending data to an NVT printer <br /> and has no queued input from the NVT keyboard for further <br /> processing (i.e., when a process at one end of a TELNET <br /> connection cannot proceed without input from the other end), <br /> the process must transmit the TELNET Go Ahead (GA) command. <br /> This rule is not intended to require that the TELNET GA command <br /> be sent from a terminal at the end of each line, since server <br /> hosts do not normally require a special signal (in addition to <br /> end-of-line or other locally-defined characters) in order to <br /> commence processing. Rather, the TELNET GA is designed to help <br /> a user's local host operate a physically half duplex terminal <br /> which has a "lockable" keyboard such as the IBM 2741. A <br /> description of this type of terminal may help to explain the <br /> proper use of the GA command. <br /> The terminal-computer connection is always under control of <br /> either the user or the computer. Neither can unilaterally <br /> seize control from the other; rather the controlling end must <br /> relinguish its control explicitly. At the terminal end, the <br /> hardware is constructed so as to relinquish control each time <br /> that a "line" is terminated (i.e., when the "New Line" key is <br /> typed by the user). When this occurs, the attached (local) <br />Postel & Reynolds [Page 5] <br /> <br />RFC 854 May 1983 <br /> computer processes the input data, decides if output should be <br /> generated, and if not returns control to the terminal. If <br /> output should be generated, control is retained by the computer <br /> until all output has been transmitted. <br /> The difficulties of using this type of terminal through the <br /> network should be obvious. The "local" computer is no longer <br /> able to decide whether to retain control after seeing an <br /> end-of-line signal or not; this decision can only be made by <br /> the "remote" computer which is processing the data. Therefore, <br /> the TELNET GA command provides a mechanism whereby the "remote" <br /> (server) computer can signal the "local" (user) computer that <br /> it is time to pass control to the user of the terminal. It <br /> should be transmitted at those times, and only at those times, <br /> when the user should be given control of the terminal. Note <br /> that premature transmission of the GA command may result in the <br /> blocking of output, since the user is likely to assume that the <br /> transmitting system has paused, and therefore he will fail to <br /> turn the line around manually. <br />
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