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Mysql與JSP網頁中文亂碼問題的解決方案</td>
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<td align="center" class="showTitle">Mysql與JSP網頁中文亂碼問題的解決方案</td>
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</table>自從以前學習JSP開始，中文亂碼問題就一直不斷，苦不堪言。這次在項目開始之前，我們要解決的第一個問題就是把mysql的中文亂碼問題搞定。經過多天的努力，終于成功的解決了中文亂碼問題，特寫在這里，以備后用。
<br>
<br>軟件及環境：Windows XP(2000), j2sdk1.4.2, Tomcat 5.0.25, mysql 4.1, EMS Mysql Manager 2(方便建表，版本2.8.5.1)，驅動為mysql-connector-java-3.1.4-beta-bin.jar。
<br>
<br>目標：在該環境下，實現中文的正常顯示，讀取與插入數據庫。
<br>
<br>注：我只在此環境下測試通過，別的系統及不同版本未測試
<br>
<br>要點：統一字符集（JSP頁面編碼，mysql建庫時字符集選擇，連接數據庫URL，request設定等）
<br>
<br>下面我以GBK為例講解。如果要使用utf-8，只要在相應的GBK處換成utf-8即可
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步驟1 以GBK字符集建庫建表 -------------------------------------
<br>
<br>我使用EMS來建mysql的數據庫及表，因為它是圖形界面，方便操作（就像SQL SERVER 2000中的企業管理器一樣）。
<br>
<br>建庫時，從EMS菜單中選create Database...新建一個數據庫，CharacterSet選gbk_bin(另一個gbk_chinese_ci不知道與這個有什么區別，我找資料也沒有找到。如果你知道，請告訴我，我補充在這里)。不要把工具欄上有一個加號和數據庫模樣的圖標當成新建數據庫了，那個新注冊一個已經存在的數據庫。
<br>后面建表時，也要選擇同樣的字符集。
<br>
<br>建好后，此時不要用EMS向里面插入數據，否則你看到的中文依然是亂碼。
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步驟2 連接數據庫的URL后加些參數 -------------------------------
<br>
<br>假設我新建的數據庫是testdb，那么我連接數據庫的url應該為：
<br>
<br>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk
<br>
<br>此時要注意：如果我是把這個url寫在JAVA代碼中，就直接這樣寫。但如果是在xml配置文件中（如struts-config.xml,web.xml等），要把其中的&改為&amp;才行，否則會出錯。也就是：
<br>
<br>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=gbk
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步驟3 每個JSP頁面都要聲明該中文字符集 ----------------------------
<br>
<br>在每個JSP頁面的最上面都加上一句
<br>
<br><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" %>
<br>
<br>這樣才能保證JSP頁面中的中文顯示正常
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步驟4 加一個傳遞參數時設定request字符集的filter類 -----------------------
<br>
<br>因為網絡中字符在傳遞的時候，都是統一以iso-8859-1的編碼傳遞，所以我們必須對request重新設定字符集，才能正常顯示中文。如果采用filter類來實現，我們不用在每次取中文參數時都要重新設定。
<br>
<br>filter類的內容：
<br>
<br>/*
<br> * ====================================================================
<br> *
<br> * JavaWebStudio 開源項目
<br> *
<br> * Struts_db v0.1
<br> *
<br> * ====================================================================
<br> */
<br>package com.strutsLogin.util;
<br>
<br>import java.io.IOException;
<br>
<br>import javax.servlet.Filter;
<br>import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
<br>import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
<br>import javax.servlet.ServletException;
<br>import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
<br>import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* 中文過濾器
<br>*/
<br>public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
<br>
<br>// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* The default character encoding to set for requests that pass through
<br>* this filter.
<br>*/
<br>protected String encoding = null;
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* The filter configuration object we are associated with. If this value
<br>* is null, this filter instance is not currently configured.
<br>*/
<br>protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Should a character encoding specified by the client be ignored?
<br>*/
<br>protected boolean ignore = true;
<br>
<br>// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Take this filter out of service.
<br>*/
<br>public void destroy() {
<br>
<br>this.encoding = null;
<br>this.filterConfig = null;
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Select and set (if specified) the character encoding to be used to
<br>* interpret request parameters for this request.
<br>*
<br>* @param request The servlet request we are processing
<br>* @param result The servlet response we are creating
<br>* @param chain The filter chain we are processing
<br>*
<br>* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
<br>* @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs
<br>*/
<br>public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
<br>FilterChain chain)
<br>throws IOException, ServletException {
<br>
<br>// Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used
<br>if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) {
<br>String encoding = selectEncoding(request);
<br>if (encoding != null)
<br>request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
<br>}
<br>
<br>// Pass control on to the next filter
<br>chain.doFilter(request, response);
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Place this filter into service.
<br>*
<br>* @param filterConfig The filter configuration object
<br>*/
<br>public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
<br>
<br>this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
<br>this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
<br>String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");
<br>if (value == null)
<br>this.ignore = true;
<br>else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))
<br>this.ignore = true;
<br>else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))
<br>this.ignore = true;
<br>else
<br>this.ignore = false;
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Select an appropriate character encoding to be used, based on the
<br>* characteristics of the current request and/or filter initialization
<br>* parameters. If no character encoding should be set, return
<br>* <code>null</code>.
<br>* <p>
<br>* The default implementation unconditionally returns the value configured
<br>* by the <strong>encoding</strong> initialization parameter for this
<br>* filter.
<br>*
<br>* @param request The servlet request we are processing
<br>*/
<br>protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) {
<br>
<br>return (this.encoding);
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>}//EOC
<br>
<br>
<br>該代碼來自于www.javawebstudio.com，特此感謝！
<br>
<br>然后我們在web.xml中加一些配置，就可以了，配置如下：
<br>
<br><filter>
<br> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<br> <filter-class>javawebstudio.struts_db.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<br> <init-param>
<br> <param-name>encoding</param-name>
<br> <param-value>GBK</param-value>
<br> </init-param>
<br> <init-param>
<br> <param-name>ignore</param-name>
<br> <param-value>true</param-value>
<br> </init-param>
<br></filter>
<br>
<br><filter-mapping>
<br> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<br> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<br></filter-mapping>
<br>
<br>放在web.xml的合適位置。一般在最后，<jsp-config>標簽之前(如果有的話)
<br>
<br>經過以上步驟，JSP和mysql的中文顯示及插入就都正常了。在STRUTS中也正常。
<br>
<br>但是，此時如果你用EMS或mysql的命令行控制臺來看表中的數據，卻發現它們都是????。這是怎么回事呢？
<br>
<br>不用擔心，只要我們運行下面的這幾行命令，就能看到正常的中文了!
<br>
<br>SET character_set_client = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_connection = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_database = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_results = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_server = gbk;
<br>
<br>SET collation_connection = gbk_bin;
<br>SET collation_database = gbk_bin;
<br>SET collation_server = gbk_bin;
<br>
<br>如果你用的是mysql的命令行，則直接輸入就好。
<br>
<br>如果是EMS，則在工具欄中有一個Show SQL Editor按鈕,點一下，把上面的命令輸入，再按一個"execute"的按鈕，就行了!
<br>
<br>而且在這種情況下，你可以甚至可以用中文名來建數據庫，表名和字段名!!!!
<br>
<br>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<br>
<br>但是有一點要特別注意!
<br>
<br>像GBK，UTF-8這樣的名字，在mysql與JAVA中有不同的規定，寫的時候要格外注意，否則會出錯。
<br>
<br>比如GBK，在JAVA中要寫成GBK，但在mysql中要寫成gbk(連接數據庫的URL)
<br>
<br>比如UTF-8，在JAVA中要寫成UTF-8，但在Mysql中要寫成utf8
<br>
<br>其它的字集符也有類似的區別
<br>
<br>
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