% Converted from Microsoft Word to LaTeX% by Chikrii SoftLab Word2TeX converter (version 2.4)% Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Kirill A. Chikrii, Anna V. Chikrii% Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Chikrii SoftLab.% All rights reserved.% http://www.word2tex.com/% mailto: info@word2tex.com, support@word2tex.com\documentclass [12pt]{article}\begin{document}{\%} This is LLNCS.DOC the documentation file of{\%} the LaTeX2e class from Springer-Verlag{\%} for Lecture Notes in Computer Science, version 2.4$\backslash $documentclass{\{}llncs{\}}$\backslash $usepackage{\{}llncsdoc{\}}{\%}$\backslash $begin{\{}document{\}}$\backslash $markboth{\{}$\backslash $LaTeXe{\{}{\}} Class for Lecture Notes in ComputerScience{\}}{\{}$\backslash $LaTeXe{\{}{\}} Class for Lecture Notes in Computer Science{\}}$\backslash $thispagestyle{\{}empty{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $LARGE$\backslash $bfseries Instructions for Authors$\backslash \backslash $Coding with $\backslash $LaTeX$\backslash \backslash $[2cm]$\backslash $end{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $rule{\{}$\backslash $textwidth{\}}{\{}1pt{\}}$\backslash $vspace{\{}2pt{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}flushright{\}}$\backslash $Huge$\backslash $begin{\{}tabular{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}l{\}}$\backslash $LaTeXe{\{}{\}} Class$\backslash \backslash $\noindentfor Lecture Notes$\backslash \backslash $\noindentin Computer Science$\backslash \backslash $[6pt]{\{}$\backslash $Large Version 2.4{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}tabular{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}flushright{\}}$\backslash $rule{\{}$\backslash $textwidth{\}}{\{}1pt{\}}$\backslash $vfill$\backslash $begin{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $large$\backslash $itshape$\backslash $begin{\{}tabular{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}l{\}}{\{}$\backslash $Large$\backslash $upshape$\backslash $bfseries Springer{\}}$\backslash \backslash $[8pt]Berlin$\backslash $enspace Heidelberg$\backslash $enspace New$\backslash $kern0.1em York$\backslash \backslash $[5pt]Barcelona$\backslash $enspace Budapest$\backslash $enspace Hong$\backslash $kern0.2em Kong$\backslash \backslash $[5pt]London$\backslash $enspace Milan$\backslash $enspace Paris$\backslash $enspace$\backslash \backslash $[5pt]Santa$\backslash $kern0.2em Clara$\backslash $enspace Singapore$\backslash $enspace Tokyo$\backslash $end{\{}tabular{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $newpage{\%}$\backslash $section*{\{}For further information please contact us:{\}}{\%}$\backslash $begin{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}tabular{\}}{\{}l@{\{}$\backslash $quad{\}}l@{\{}$\backslash $hspace{\{}3mm{\}}{\}}l@{\{}$\backslash $quad{\}}l{\}}{\$}$\backslash $bullet{\$}{\&}$\backslash $multicolumn{\{}3{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}l{\}}{\{}$\backslash $bfseries Springer-$\backslash $kern-2pt VerlagHeidelberg{\}}$\backslash \backslash $[1mm]{\&}$\backslash $multicolumn{\{}3{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}l{\}}{\{}Department New Technologies/ProductDevelopment{\}}$\backslash \backslash ${\&}$\backslash $multicolumn{\{}3{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}l{\}}{\{}Springer-Verlag, Postfach 105280, D-69042Heidelberg1, FRG{\}}$\backslash \backslash $[0.5mm]{\&} Telefax: {\&} (0$\backslash $,62$\backslash $,21)487688$\backslash \backslash ${\&} {\&} (0$\backslash $,62$\backslash $,21)487366$\backslash \backslash ${\&} Internet: {\&} $\backslash $tt lncs@springer.de {\&} for editorial questions$\backslash \backslash ${\&} {\&} $\backslash $tt texhelp@springer.de {\&} for $\backslash $TeX{\{}{\}} problems$\backslash $end{\{}tabular{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $rule{\{}$\backslash $textwidth{\}}{\{}1pt{\}}{\%}$\backslash $section*{\{}Acceptable formats of your disk/magnetic tape and output:{\}}{\%}The following formats are acceptable: 5.25{\$}\ {\{}$\backslash $prime$\backslash $prime{\}}{\$} disketteMS-DOS, 5.25{\$}\ {\{}$\backslash $prime$\backslash $prime{\}}{\$} CP/M, 3.5{\$}\ {\{}$\backslash $prime$\backslash $prime{\}}{\$} disketteMS-DOS, 3.5{\$}\ {\{}$\backslash $prime$\backslash $prime{\}}{\$} diskette Apple MacIntosh, 9-track 1600\noindentbpi magnetic tape VAX/VMS, 9-track 1600 bpi magnetic tape ANSI with\noindentlabel, SUN-Streamer Tape.Once you have completed your work using this macro package,\noindentplease submit your own printout of the {\{}$\backslash $em final\noindentversion together with the disk or magnetic tape{\}}, containing your$\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} input (source) file und the final DVI-file and make sure\noindentthat the text is {\{}$\backslash $em identical in both cases.{\}}$\backslash $bigskipThis macro package, as well as all other macro packages, style\noindentfiles, and document classes that Springer distributes, are also\noindentavailable through our mailserver (for people with only e-mail access).{\{}$\backslash $tt svserv@vax.ntp.springer.de{\}}$\backslash $hfil first try the $\backslash $verb$\vert $help$\vert $\noindentcommand.$\backslash $noindent We are also reachable through the world wide web:$\backslash $begin{\{}flushleft{\}}\[\backslash \]tt$\backslash $begin{\{}tabular{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}l@{\{}$\backslash $quad{\}}r@{\{}$\backslash $tt:{\}}l{\}}$\backslash $rmfamily URLs are {\&} http{\&}//www.springer.de $\backslash \backslash ${\&} gopher{\&}//ftp.springer.de $\backslash \backslash ${\&} ftp{\&}//ftp.springer.de$\backslash $end{\{}tabular{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}flushleft{\}}{\%}$\backslash $newpage$\backslash $tableofcontents$\backslash $newpage{\%}$\backslash $section{\{}Introduction{\}}{\%}Authors wishing to code their contribution\noindentwith $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}}, as well as those who have already coded with $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}},\noindentwill be provided with a document class that will give the text the\noindentdesired layout. Authors are requested to\noindentadhere strictly to these instructions; {\{}$\backslash $em the class\noindentfile must not be changed{\}}.The text output area is automatically set within an area of12.2$\backslash $,cm horizontally and 19.3$\backslash $,cm vertically.If you are already familiar with $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}}, then theLLNCS class should not give you any major difficulties.It will change the layout to the required LLNCS style(it will for instance define the layout of $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $section$\vert )$.We had to invent some extra commands,\noindentwhich are not provided by $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} (e.g.$\backslash $$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $institute$\vert $, see also Sect.$\backslash $,$\backslash $ref{\{}contbegin{\}})For the main body of the paper (the text) you\noindentshould use the commands of the standard $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} ``article'' class.Even if you are familiar with those commands, we urge you to read\noindentthis entire documentation thoroughly. It contains many suggestions on\noindenthow to use our commands properly; thus your paper\noindentwill be formatted exactly to LLNCS standard.For the input of the references at the end of your contribution,\noindentplease follow our instructions given in Sect.$\backslash $,$\backslash $ref{\{}refer{\}} References.The majority of these hints are not specific for LLNCS; they may improve\noindentyour use of $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} in general.Furthermore, the documentation provides suggestions about the proper\noindentediting and use\noindentof the input files (capitalization, abbreviation etc.) (seeSect.$\backslash $,$\backslash $ref{\{}refedit{\}} How to Edit Your Input File).{\%}$\backslash $section{\{}How to Proceed{\}}{\%}The package consists of the following files:$\backslash $begin{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}tabular{\}}{\{}@{\{}{\}}p{\{}2.5cm{\}}l{\}}{\{}$\backslash $tt history.txt{\}}{\&} the version history of the package$\backslash \backslash $[2pt]{\{}$\backslash $tt llncs.cls{\}} {\&} class file for $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}}$\backslash \backslash $[2pt]{\{}$\backslash $tt llncs.dem{\}} {\&} an example showing how to code the text$\backslash \backslash $[2pt]{\{}$\backslash $tt llncs.doc{\}} {\&} general instructions (source of this document),$\backslash \backslash ${\&} {\{}$\backslash $tt llncs.doc{\}} means {\{}$\backslash $itshape l$\backslash $/{\}}atex {\{}$\backslash $itshape doc$\backslash $/{\}}umentation for$\backslash \backslash ${\&} {\{}$\backslash $itshape L$\backslash $/{\}}ecture {\{}$\backslash $itshape N{\}}otes in {\{}$\backslash $itshape C$\backslash $/{\}}omputer {\{}$\backslash $itshape S$\backslash $/{\}}cience$\backslash \backslash ${\{}$\backslash $tt llncsdoc.sty{\}} {\&} class modifications to help for the instructions$\backslash \backslash ${\{}$\backslash $tt llncs.ind{\}} {\&} an external (faked) author index file$\backslash \backslash ${\{}$\backslash $tt subjidx.ind{\}} {\&} subject index demo from the Springer book package$\backslash \backslash ${\{}$\backslash $tt llncs.dvi{\}} {\&} the resultig DVI file (remember to use binary transfer!)$\backslash \backslash $[2pt]{\{}$\backslash $tt sprmindx.sty{\}} {\&} supplementary style file for MakeIndex$\backslash \backslash ${\&} (usage: {\{}$\backslash $tt makeindex -s sprmindx.sty <yourfile.idx>{\}})$\backslash $end{\{}tabular{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}flushleft{\}}{\%}$\backslash $subsection{\{}How to Invoke the LLNCS Document Class{\}}{\%}The LLNCS class is an extension of the standard $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} ``article''\noindentdocument class. Therefore you may use all ``article'' commands for the\noindentbody of your contribution to prepare your manuscript.LLNCS class is invoked by replacing ``article'' by ``llncs'' in the\noindentfirst line of your document:$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}$\backslash $documentclass{\{}llncs{\}}{\%}$\backslash $begin{\{}document{\}}<Your contribution>$\backslash $end{\{}document{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}{\%}$\backslash $subsection{\{}Contributions Already Coded with $\backslash $protect$\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} without\noindentthe LLNCS document class{\}}{\%}If your file is already coded with $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} you can easily\noindentadapt it a posteriori to the LLNCS document class.Please refrain from using any $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} or $\backslash $TeX{\{}{\}} commands\noindentthat affect the layout or formatting of your document (i.e. commands\noindentlike $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $textheight$\vert $, $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $vspace$\vert $, $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $headsep$\vert $ etc.).There may nevertheless be exceptional occasions on which to\noindentuse some of them.The LLNCS document class has been carefully designed to produce the\noindentright layout from your $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} input. If there is anything specific you\noindentwould like to do and for which the style file does not provide a\noindentcommand, {\{}$\backslash $em please contact us{\}}. Same holds for any error and bug you\noindentdiscover (there is however no reward for this -- sorry).{\%}$\backslash $section{\{}General Rules for Coding Formulas{\}}{\%}With mathematical formulas you may proceed as described\noindentin Sect.$\backslash $,3.3 of the {\{}$\backslash $em $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} User's Guide $\backslash ${\&} ReferenceManual$\backslash $/{\}} by Leslie Lamport (2nd$\sim $ed. 1994), Addison-Wesley PublishingCompany, Inc.Equations are automatically numbered sequentially throughout your\noindentcontribution using arabic numerals in parentheses on the right-hand\noindentside.When you are working in math mode everything is typeset in italics.Sometimes you need to insert non-mathematical elements (e.g.$\backslash $\noindentwords or phrases). Such insertions should be coded in roman(with $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $mbox$\vert )$ as illustrated in the following example:$\backslash $begin{\{}flushleft{\}}{\{}$\backslash $itshape Sample Input{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}flushleft{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}equation{\}}$\backslash $left($\backslash $frac{\{}a\ {\{}2{\}} + b\ {\{}2{\}}{\}}{\{}c\ {\{}3{\}}{\}} $\backslash $right) = 1 $\backslash $quad$\backslash $mbox{\{} if {\}} c$\backslash $neq 0 $\backslash $mbox{\{} and if {\}} a,b,c$\backslash $in $\backslash $bbbr $\backslash $enspace .$\backslash $end{\{}equation{\}}$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}{\{}$\backslash $itshape Sample Output{\}}$\backslash $begin{\{}equation{\}}$\backslash $left($\backslash $frac{\{}a\ {\{}2{\}} + b\ {\{}2{\}}{\}}{\{}c\ {\{}3{\}}{\}} $\backslash $right) = 1 $\backslash $quad$\backslash $mbox{\{} if {\}} c$\backslash $neq 0 $\backslash $mbox{\{} and if {\}} a,b,c$\backslash $in $\backslash $bbbr $\backslash $enspace .$\backslash $end{\{}equation{\}}