function f
clear all;
clc;
format long;
ps=100;
sl=30;
flag=1;
gen=1;
maxs=100;
chs=round(rand(ps,sl));
chsc=zeros(ps,sl);
fitf=zeros(1,ps);
fitf1=zeros(1,ps);
sel=zeros(1,ps);

while (flag>0)&(gen<1000)
    sumf=0;
    for i=1:1:ps
        a1=chs(i,1:15);
        a2=chs(i,16:30);
        par=zeros(1,2);
        for j=1:1:15
            par(1,1)=par(1,1)+a1(1,j)*pow2(j-1);
        end
        for j=1:1:15
            par(1,2)=par(1,2)+a2(1,j)*pow2(j-1);
        end
        m=pow2(15)-1;
        x1=-5+par(1,1)/m*10;
        x2=-5+par(1,2)/m*10;
        fitf(1,i)=x1^2+x2^2;
        if (fitf(1,i)<maxs)
            maxs=fitf(1,i);
            opt=[x1 x2 fitf(1,i)];
        end
        if (fitf(1,i)<=0.0000001)
            flag=-1;
            opt
            gen
            break;
        else
            sumf=sumf+fitf(1,i);
        end
        if (flag<0)
            break;
        end
    end
    
%***************************************************************************************************
%***************************************************************************************************
    if(flag>0)
        %the first select.
%       sumf=sumf-fitf(1,ps);
      sumf=sumf;
%       for i=1:1:ps-1
      for i=1:1:ps
            x=round(rand(1)*32767);
            sum=round(sumf);
            rr=rem(x,sum);
            n=1;
            ba=1;
            partsum=0;
%             while ((partsum<rr)&(n<ps-1))
            while ((partsum<rr)&(n<ps))
                partsum=partsum+fitf(1,n);
                ba=n;
                n=n+1;
            end        
            sel(1,i)=ba;
        end
        
%***************************************************************************************************
%***************************************************************************************************       
        %reproduce
%         fitf=fitf
%         for i=1:1:ps-1
        for i=1:1:ps   
            for j=1:1:sl
                chsmc(i,j)=chs(sel(1,i),j);
            end
            fitf(1,i)=fitf(1,sel(1,i));
        end
%         fitf=fitf
%***************************************************************************************************
%***************************************************************************************************       
        %select before crossover
%         for i=1:1:ps-1
        for i=1:1:ps
            x=round(rand(1)*32767);
            sum=round(sumf);
            rr=rem(x,sum)+1;
            n=1;
            partsum=0;
            while((partsum<rr)&(n<=ps))
                partsum=partsum+fitf(1,n);
                bba=n;
                n=n+1;
            end
                sel(1,i)=bba;
        end
        
%***************************************************************************************************
%***************************************************************************************************
        %crossover
        maxs=max(fitf);
        for i=1:1:ps/2-1
            parent1=sel(1,i);
            parent2=sel(1,ps-1-i);
            child1=i;
            child2=ps-1-i;
%             pc=0.8;
            randnum=rand(1);
            site1=round(rand(1)*sl);
            for j=1:1:sl
                if (j<site1)
                    chs(child1,j)=chsc(parent1,j);
                    chs(child2,j)=chsc(parent2,j);
                else
                    chs(child1,j)=chsc(parent2,j);
                    chs(child2,j)=chsc(parent1,j);
                end
            end
        end

%***************************************************************************************************        
%***************************************************************************************************
        %mutation
        pm=0.05;
        for i=1:1:ps-1
            for j=1:1:sl
                randnum=rand(1);
                if (randnum<pm)
                    if chs(i,j)==0
                        chs(i,j)=1;
                    else
                        chs(i,j)=0;
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
    gen=gen+1;
end