(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F1<ad6e>2.895 E F0 .549(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 672 R .548(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 684 Q.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1<ad45>2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002E F0(shell)4.002 E .009(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 708 R F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 F.66(by def)144 720 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66(does not interpret)3.16 F F1<adad>3.16 E F0 .659(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP%%Page: 7 7%%BeginPageSetupBP%%EndPageSetup/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(escape sequences:)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 96 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 108 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144120 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 132 Q(\\E)144 144 QF0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 156 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 168 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 180 QF0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 192 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 204 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 216 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 228 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 240 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 252 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 264 R 1.507(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 276 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1(\\U)144 288 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 300 R .547(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)3.047 E(HHH)180 312 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 340.8 R.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144 352.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144 364.8 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 376.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 FF1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 388.8 R.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 400.8 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 FF2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 412.8 Q F1<ad64>2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 424.8 R F1<ad70>2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144436.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 448.8 R 1.916(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878(enabled. If)144 460.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 472.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144484.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 501.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 513.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no)-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 537.6 Q(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 566.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 578.4 R .177(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 590.4 R .499(gument passed to)-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 602.4 Q F0 .639(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 614.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F01.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 626.4 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F.318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317(is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 638.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 650.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 662.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F06.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 691.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP%%Page: 8 8%%BeginPageSetupBP%%EndPageSetup/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F1<ad6e>3.159 E F0(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 144 R 1.586(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 156 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v)-.25F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293(option is encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 180Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 220.8 R .478(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 232.8 R F2 -.45(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144244.8 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an).15 F(of)144 256.8 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093(for listing \(so that)144 268.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 280.8 Q(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 304.8Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 EF1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 316.8 R .438(If the)5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E.334(the editor gi)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 EF2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 340.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F 1.884(ther v)144 352.8 R 1.884(ariable is set, is used.)-.25 F 1.884(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)6.884 F-.15(exe)144 364.8 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 388.8 R F2(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.539 E F0 .039(is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 400.8 R F3 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F36.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F.407(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)144 412.8 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F3(r)2.5E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 436.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788(cuted or f).15 F .787(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F01.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 QF0 .004(does not