%%
%% IEEEtran.cls 2005/09/13 version V1.6c
%%
%% NOTE: This text file uses MS Windows line feed conventions. When (human)
%% reading this file on other platforms, you may have to use a text
%% editor that can handle lines terminated by the MS Windows line feed
%% characters (0x0D 0x0A).
%% 
%% 
%% This is the official IEEE LaTeX class for authors of the Institute of 
%% Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions journals and
%% conferences.
%% 
%% The latest version and documentation of IEEEtran can be obtained at:
%% http://www.ieee.org
%% and/or
%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
%% 
%% The CTAN page may have additional files related to obscure, 
%% non-IEEE standard and/or platform dependent use of this tool.
%%
%% Based on the original 1993 IEEEtran.cls, but with many bug fixes
%% and enhancements (from both JVH and MDS) over the 1996/7 version.
%%
%%
%% Contributors:
%% Gerry Murray (1993), Silvano Balemi (1993),
%% Jon Dixon (1996), Peter N"uchter (1996),
%% Juergen von Hagen (2000), and Michael Shell (2001-2005)
%% 
%% 
%% Copyright (c) 1993-2005 by Gerry Murray, Silvano Balemi, 
%%                         Jon Dixion, Peter N"uchter,
%%                         Juergen von Hagen and Michael Shell
%%
%% Current maintainer (V1.3 to V1.6): Michael Shell
%%                                    mshell@ece.gatech.edu
%%                                    See the CTAN website above
%%                                    for current contact information.
%%
%% Special thanks to Peter Wilson (CUA) and Donald Arseneau
%% for allowing the inclusion of the \@ifmtarg command 
%% from their ifmtarg LaTeX package. 
%% 
%%**********************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either
%% expressed or implied; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code
%% be liable for any damages or losses, including, but not limited to,
%% incidental, consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the
%% use or misuse of any information contained here.
%% 
%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
%%
%% This code is distributed under the Perl Artistic License 
%% ( http://language.perl.com/misc/Artistic.html ) 
%% and may be freely used, distributed and modified.
%% Retain the contribution notices and credits.
%% 
%% Major changes to the user interface should be indicated by an 
%% increase in the version numbers. If a version is a beta, it will 
%% be indicated with a BETA suffix, i.e., 1.4 BETA.
%% Small changes can be indicated by appending letters to the version
%% such as "IEEEtran_v14a.cls".
%% In all cases, \Providesclass, any \typeout messages to the user,
%% \IEEEtransversionmajor and \IEEEtransversionminor must reflect the
%% correct version information.
%% The changes should also be documented via source comments.
%%**********************************************************************
%%
%
% Available class options 
% (e.g., \documentclass[10pt,conference]{IEEEtran} 
% 
%             *** choose only one from each category ***
%
% 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
%    Sets normal font size. The default is 10pt.
% 
% conference, journal, technote, peerreview, peerreviewca
%    determines format mode - conference papers, journal papers,
%    correspondence papers (technotes), or peer review papers. The user
%    should also select 9pt when using technote. peerreview is like
%    journal mode, but provides for a single-column "cover" title page for
%    anonymous peer review. The paper title (without the author names) is
%    repeated at the top of the page after the cover page. For peer review
%    papers, the \IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle command must be executed (will
%    automatically be ignored for non-peerreview modes) at the place the
%    cover page is to end, usually just after the abstract (keywords are
%    not normally used with peer review papers). peerreviewca is like
%    peerreview, but allows the author names to be entered and formatted
%    as with conference mode so that author affiliation and contact
%    information can be easily seen on the cover page.
%    The default is journal.
%
% draft, draftcls, draftclsnofoot, final
%    determines if paper is formatted as a widely spaced draft (for
%    handwritten editor comments) or as a properly typeset final version.
%    draftcls restricts draft mode to the class file while all other LaTeX
%    packages (i.e., \usepackage{graphicx}) will behave as final - allows
%    for a draft paper with visible figures, etc. draftclsnofoot is like
%    draftcls, but does not display the date and the word "DRAFT" at the foot
%    of the pages. If using one of the draft modes, the user will probably
%    also want to select onecolumn.
%    The default is final.
%
% letterpaper, a4paper
%    determines paper size: 8.5in X 11in or 210mm X 297mm. CHANGING THE PAPER
%    SIZE WILL NOT ALTER THE TYPESETTING OF THE DOCUMENT - ONLY THE MARGINS
%    WILL BE AFFECTED. In particular, documents using the a4paper option will
%    have reduced side margins (A4 is narrower than US letter) and a longer
%    bottom margin (A4 is longer than US letter). For both cases, the top
%    margins will be the same and the text will be horizontally centered. 
%    For final submission to IEEE, authors should use US letter (8.5 X 11in)
%    paper. Note that authors should ensure that all post-processing 
%    (ps, pdf, etc.) uses the same paper specificiation as the .tex document.
%    Problems here are by far the number one reason for incorrect margins.
%    IEEEtran will automatically set the default paper size under pdflatex 
%    (without requiring a change to pdftex.cfg), so this issue is more
%    important to dvips users. Fix config.ps, config.pdf, or ~/.dvipsrc for
%    dvips, or use the dvips -t papersize option instead as needed. See the
%    testflow documentation
%    http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/testflow
%    for more details on dvips paper size configuration.
%    The default is letterpaper.
%
% oneside, twoside
%    determines if layout follows single sided or two sided (duplex)
%    printing. The only notable change is with the headings at the top of
%    the pages.
%    The default is oneside.
%
% onecolumn, twocolumn
%    determines if text is organized into one or two columns per page. One
%    column mode is usually used only with draft papers.
%    The default is twocolumn.
%
% nofonttune
%    turns off tuning of the font interword spacing. Maybe useful to those
%    not using the standard Times fonts or for those who have already "tuned"
%    their fonts.
%    The default is to enable IEEEtran to tune font parameters.
%
%
%*******
% 09/2005 V1.6c (MDS) changes:
% 
% 1) Changed endfigure/endfloat definitions so as not to cause problems with
%    preview-LaTeX and other packages. Thanks to Stephan Heuel and David
%    Kastrup for reporting this problem.
%
%
%*******
% 11/2002 V1.6b (MDS) changes:
%
% 1) Fixed problem with figure captions when using hyperref. Thanks to 
%    Leandro Barajas and Michael Bassetti for reporting this bug.
%
% 2) Provide a fake nabib command \NAT@parse so that hyperref will not
%    interfere with the operation of cite.sty. However, as a result citation
%    numbers will not be hyperlinked. Also, natbib will not be able to work
%    with IEEEtran. However, this is perhaps the best solution until cite.sty
%    and hyperref.sty are able to co-exist with each other.
%    It easy enough to override the fake command via:
%    \makeatletter
%    \let\NAT@parse\undefined
%    \makeatother
%
% 3) Revised font selection method so as not to have problems when used
%    with setspace.sty. Thanks to Zhang Yan for reporting this bug.
%
% 4) Added \special to feed papersize to dvips. Thanks to Moritz Borgmann 
%    for suggesting this feature.
%
% 5) In addition to the IEEE IED lists, the original IED style list
%    environments (as is done in article.cls) are now provided as
%    LaTeXitemize, LaTeXenumerate, and LaTeXdescription. Also, users can
%    now redefine \makelabel within IEEE IED list controls. There may be
%    some use for this in specialized applications. Thanks to Eli Barzilay
%    for suggesting this feature.
%
% 6) \table* now defaults to \footnotesize text like \table.
%
% 7) The draft modes now no longer force a pagebreak after the title.
%    Thanks to Christian Peel for suggesting this change.
%
% 8) New draftclsnofoot mode is like draftcls, but does not display the
%    date and the word "DRAFT" at the foot of the page. Thanks to
%    Christian Peel for suggesting this feature.
%
% 9) New peerreview and peerreviewca modes with \IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle
%    command allows for a "cover" titlepage for anonymous peer review.
%    Except for the cover titlepage, peerreview is much like journal mode.
%    peerreviewca is like peerreview, but allows the author names to be
%    entered and formatted as under conference mode so that author
%    affiliations and contact information can be easily seen on the cover
%    page. Thanks to Eric Benedict for suggesting this feature.
%
%
%*******
% 7/2002 V1.6 (MDS) changes:
% 
% 1) Added conference mode via conference option. Defaults to the traditional
%    journal mode. i.e., \documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
% 
% 2) Added support for A4 paper via new a4paper option. Pdflatex's paper size
%    lengths are now automatically set to the proper paper size being used.
% 
% 3) Revised margins again. Page text is now horizontally centered.
%    Conference mode increases the top and bottom margins with the bottom
%    margin being slightly larger. For A4 paper, the top margin and text
%    typesetting will not change from those of US letter paper, but the side
%    margins will be smaller and the bottom margin will be larger than that of
%    US letter. All per IEEE specs.
%
% 4) Fixed footnote line spacing anomaly in draft mode. 
%    Thanks to Alberto Rodriguez for reporting this bug.
%    
%    Also, slightly revised footnote and \thanks note spacing.
%    Set \interfootnotelinepenalty=10000 to prevent LaTeX
%    from breaking footnotes across multiple pages or columns.
%
% 5) Fixed bug that caused overwritten photo areas and sometimes anomalous
%    spacing when a new paragraph was started within a biography. Also,
%    the presence of \par's, new lines or spaces at the beginning of
%    abstract, keywords, biography, or biographynophoto will no longer
%    affect the first word spacing.
%    Thanks to Eric Durant for reporting this bug.
%    
%    The biography environment now does a better job in preventing
%    a biography photo area from being broken across pages or columns.
%
% 6) Fixed whitespace between \cite entries bug. i.e.,
%    both \cite{einstein24, knuth84} and \cite{einstein24,knuth84}
%    are now valid. \cite is now a robust command as it should be.
%    IEEEtran now no longer defines the old non-standard \shortcite or 
%    \citename.
%    
%    The base IEEEtran.cls does not sort citation numbers or produce ranges
%    for three or more consecutive numbers. However, V1.6 of IEEEtran.cls 
%    now pre-defines the following format control macros to facilitate easy 
%    use with Donald Arseneau's cite.sty package (tested with cite.sty V3.9):  
%
%    \def\citepunct{], [}
%    \def\citedash{]--[}
%    
%    cite.sty is standard on most LaTeX sytems and can be obtained from
%    www.ctan.org. Thanks to Donald Arseneau for creating cite.sty, providing
%    the required format arguments to produce the IEEE style. and
%    designing a cite interface capable of handling the IEEE citation
%    style.
%    
%    Note: Historically, IEEE has wanted authors to "hardcode" symbolics.
%    (i.e., replace all \cite{} with fixed [x]). However, it now seems that
%    most electronic manuscript submissions to IEEE are in .pdf format, and 
%    as such, do not require the LaTeX document reference numbers to be hard
%    coded. If an author is required to submit actual LaTeX files, I do 
%    recommend that the bibliography file (.bbl) be copied into the .tex 
%    document and the \bibliographystyle{} and \bibliography{} commands be 
%    commented out so that the .tex file does not depend on (potentially 
%    lengthy and/or confidential) external bibliography database files.
%
% 7) Adjusted some spacing parameters. The spacing above and below equations
%    has been revised (to a typical IEEE value). \jot now has a decent value.
%    The title text is now exactly 24pt. (On a related note, \fontsubfuzz has
%    been increased to 0.9pt to prevent annoying font substitution warnings
%    when using the Computer Modern fonts that use the 24.88pt size.)
%    In V1.6, \small is now 8.5pt in 9pt docs because \footnotesize is 8pt. 
%    For 9pt docs, you should probably go ahead and use \footnotesize when you
%    need text a little smaller than \normalsize.
%    The interword spacing has been adjusted to be extremely close to that
%    which IEEE uses. You can use a new class option, nofonttune, if you need
%    to disable the adjusting of the interword spacing. This adjustment and
%    an increase to \hyphenpenalty have greatly reduced the amount of
%    hyphenation in a typical paper.
%       The baselineskip for the normalsize fonts has been tweaked to reduce
%    underfull vboxes on journal paper columns with only paragraphs. 
%    Conference mode does the same thing but by also tweaking the \textheight
%    slightly off 9.25in (IEEE spec) to ensure an integer number of lines per
%    page. Draft (also draftcls) mode has also been revised to reduce 
%    underfull vbox warnings. However, draft mode can still produce underfull
%    vboxes (a direct result of the increase in line spacing and margins) if:
%    A non-normalsize font occupies an entire column (abstract and index terms
%    take up a whole column by themselves); or the beginning of a section
%    occurs near the end of a column and cannot be squeezed into the bottom,
%    etc. This is normal as draft mode's liberal spacings cannot guarantee
%    perfect formatting.
%
% 8) New biographynophoto environment for biographies without photos.
%    Usage: 
%    
%    \begin{biographynophoto}{author name}
%    biography text here 
%    \end{biographynophoto}
%    
% 9) Fixed bug that produced multiple table of contents entries for papers
%    with more than one biography. Also, biography now works better with
%    hyperref.
% 
%10) New \sublargesize font size command provides for 11pt text in a 10pt
%    document. (Needed for things like author names.) For documents not
%    using 10pt normal size text, \sublargesize is currently identical 
%    to \large.