%
%11) New \IEEEmembership command to provide correct font to indicate IEEE
%    membership for journal papers.
%
%12) Fixed author name line overflow problem when in journal mode. This
%    problem had been introduced in V1.5 in my rush to get \and to work for
%    conferences. \and is unneeded (and invalid) in journal mode. For 
%    conference mode, \and will work as expected and features an optional
%    spacing argument. i.e., \and[\hspace{5ex}] 
%    \and will default (recommended) to using \hfill which will result in
%    equal spacing between author blocks.
% 
%13) New \authorblockN, \authorblockA and \authorrefmark commands to 
%    facilitate easy formatting of author names, affiliations and cross
%    reference symbols, respectively, when in conference mode. These 
%    three commands are to be used only for conference papers.
%    In conference mode, \author text is placed within a modified tabular
%    environment (somewhat like article.cls). So, within \author in conference
%    mode, you should not try to enclose multiple \\ within an environment or
%    command (other than the argument braces of \authorblockX{}). For example:
%    
%    \author{\authorblockN{{John Doe \\ Jane Doe}}} % WRONG!
%    
%    will generate an error. 
%  
%    Note that font size/attribute changes will now persists across \\ within
%    \author. (But, not across author blocks nor across \and.)
%    However, with the new commands, there should be no need to alter any
%    font attributes within \author. All text sizing and spacing within 
%    \author{} and the author block commands is per IEEE specs for both 
%    conference and journal modes. (In conference mode, the author names
%    are only very slightly larger than the affiliations which are in normal
%    size.) For specialized applications you can alter the justification of
%    author lines by placing \hfill at the beginning or at the end of a line.
%    The interline spacing within \author is determined by the font attributes
%    that are in effect at the end of each line within author.
% 
%14) Because the titles and author name blocks use different font sizes/styles
%    from the main text, it was possible that two column papers with titles that
%    span both columns (standard journal and conference papers, but not technotes)
%    with certain numbers of lines for the title and authors' name/affiliations
%    can cause underfull vbox problems (paragraphs with large spacings between
%    them) in the second column of the main text on the title page - if there were
%    no new sections, equations or figures in this column (they would provide some
%    needed rubber spacing). The use of things like special paper notices and
%    publisher ID marks also affected this issue. The problem could not happen
%    in the first column because the first column has a rubber length around the
%    heading of the first section. Furthermore, problems seldom occurred on pages
%    after the first as the margins had been chosen not to cause it with the popular
%    font sizes. Rubber lengths after the author names would not fix this problem.
%       Auto-calculating a "good" spacing after the title is a tad difficult
%    to do in LaTeX. However, I am pleased to report that V1.6 has this new
%    capability - "dynamically determined title spacing". IEEEtran will now
%    measure the height of all the title and author text in \maketitle
%    and then calculate a rigid (non-rubber) spacer to follow that meets
%    IEEE specs and also produces a \textheight on the title page that ensures
%    an integer number of normalsized lines on the rest of the page. Single
%    column  papers, and two column papers with the title entirely in column
%    one (technotes) do not need dynamic rigid spacing and therefore use
%    standard rubber spacers.
%    
%    Note: This problem can still crop up if you use floats that span both
%    columns (i.e., figure*). It has been a decade+ long limitation with LaTeX
%    that the stretchable portion of \dbltextfloatsep is ignored. 
%    If you get a problem with underful vbox warnings and paragraphs that "are
%    pulled apart" on page with a float that spans both columns, tweak the 
%    space between the figure and the main text a little:
%    
%    \vskip 5pt
%    \end{figure*}
%    
%    If you can't find a value that fixes both columns, you are going to
%    have to put a rubber spacer somewhere in one or both of the columns.
% 
%15) Because of change #14 above, those of you using \pubid will, as of V1.6,
%    have to place it *before* \maketitle in order for it have the intended 
%    affect. The dynamic spacer algorithm must see if you are using \pubid when
%    \maketitle is called. \pubidadjcol works as before except that it now 
%    has additional logic to prevent it from doing anything if \pubid was never
%    called.
%    
%16) In some unusual, non-standard circumstances, an author may desire to
%    alter the spacing after the title area or put some unusual text above
%    the main text. For instance, to stop a bad break when a new section
%    occurs right at the start of the second page. This is difficult to do
%    when the title spans both columns of two column text since LaTeX treats
%    such title text as a type of float. A new command, \IEEEaftertitletext{}, 
%    gives access to the end of that produced by \maketitle. The types of
%    things that can go into \IEEEaftertitletext are the same as those into 
%    \twocolumn[] - no \par, but \\ are OK. There is no restriction on the
%    range of spacings that can be used. 
%    i.e., \IEEEaftertitletext{\vspace{-100pt}} will push the main text well
%    into the title and \IEEEaftertitletext{\vspace{100pt}} will push it far down
%    the page. You will have complete control. If used, place
%    \IEEEaftertitletext{} before \maketitle like \title and \author. IEEEtran's
%    dynamic title spacing intentionally does not take into consideration the 
%    contents of \IEEEaftertitletext{} when determining the spacer after the title
%    area (otherwise it would try to second guess you), so the user will have
%    manually adjust the height of the contents in \IEEEaftertitletext{} if the
%    problem discussed in #14 above should develop. A safe bet is to keep
%    the height of contents of \IEEEaftertitletext{} to integer multiples of 
%    \baselineskip, i.e., \IEEEaftertitletext{\vspace{-1\baselineskip}} 
%    
%    Because it can result in an IEEE nonstandard format, the use of
%    \IEEEaftertitletext{} is discouraged. Possible uses include (1) the use of
%    IEEEtran for non-IEEE work with different title spacing requirements,
%    or (2) as an emergency manual override if a problem should develop in 
%    IEEEtran's automatic spacing algorithm.
% 
%17) completely rewritten \PARstart to:
%    a. no longer have problems when the user begins an environment
%       within the paragraph that uses \PARstart.
%    b. auto-detect and use the current font family
%    c. revise handling of the space at the end of the first word so that
%       interword glue will now work as normal.
%    d. produce correctly aligned edges for the (two) indented lines.
%
%    Because the current font family is now auto-detected, there is no
%    longer any need for \CMPARstart - it is now the same as \PARstart.
%   
%18) There is now a new "open box" Q.E.D. symbol (\QEDopen) as well as the
%    original default (\QED) closed one (\QEDclosed). Some journals use
%    the open form. To make \proof use the open form, just do:
%    \renewcommand{\QED}{\QEDopen}
%
%19) Additional \typeout{} notices added to warn the user when unusual 
%    settings/commands are detected or as reminders to avoid common errors
%    when in conference mode.
%
%20) IEEEtran now provides \abovecaptionskip and \belowcaptionskip skip
%    registers because article class provides them and some packages
%    may error if they are missing. However, IEEEtran only uses 
%    \abovecaptionskip for actual caption spacing.
%
%21) Fixed bug that prevented users from redefining the section headings
%    to use arabic digits. Thanks to Richardt H. Wilkinson for reporting
%    this bug.
%
%22) Code cleaned up to be more efficient with the use of TeX registers;
%    removed some old LaTeX 2.09 code; revised option processing to 
%    LaTeX2e standard; eliminated unwanted "phantom" spaces in some
%    environments.
%
%23) Added new \IEEEeqnarray, \IEEEeqnarraybox, \IEEEeqnarrayboxm and 
%    \IEEEeqnarrayboxt environments to provide superior alternatives to the
%    standard LaTeX \eqnarray, \array and \tabular. Additional new support
%    commands include \IEEEeqnarraydecl, \IEEEeqnarrayboxdecl,
%    \IEEEeqnarraymathstyle, \IEEEeqnarraytextstyle, \yesnumber. \IEEEnonumber,
%    \IEEEyesnumber, \IEEEyessubnumber, \IEEEeqnarraynumspace, \IEEEeqnarraymulticol,
%    \IEEEeqnarrayomit, \IEEEeqnarraydefcol, \IEEEeqnarraydefcolsep, \IEEEeqnarrayseprow,
%    \IEEEeqnarrayseprowcut, \IEEEeqnarrayrulerow, \IEEEeqnarraydblrulerowcut,
%    \IEEEeqnarraystrutmode, \IEEEeqnarraystrutsize, \IEEEeqnarraystrutsizeadd, 
%    \IEEEvisiblestrutstrue, \IEEEvisiblestrutsfalse and \IEEEstrut.
%    These are documented in the user's guide.
%    
%24) V1.6 changed back to using () around theorem names (which are also now in italics)
%    as this is what IEEE is using now. Thanks to Christian Peel for reporting this.
%    Also, when section numbers are used as the first part of theorem numbers, display
%    them in arabic, not Roman.
%    
%25) New \IEEEtriggeratref{X} command allows a page break to be triggered just
%    before the given reference number "X". This is most useful when balancing
%    the columns on the last page and a \newpage between references is desired.
%    \IEEEtriggercmd{X} allows a different command to be executed at trigger.
%
%
%*******
% 7/2001 V1.5 (MDS) changes:
%
%
% 1) Fixed \and within \author bug: (! Misplaced \crcr. \endtabular ->\crcr)
%    Thanks to Rainer Dorsch for discovering and reporting that \and 
%    did not work.
%    
% 2) Fixed the biography environment so that if a biography's text is shorter
%    than the area allocated for the photo, a collision with the next
%    biography does not occur. You can now put real graphics (using the
%    graphicx package) into the biography photo box with a new optional 
%    argument of the biography command! For example:
%    
%    \begin{biography}[{\includegraphics[width=1in,height=1.25in,clip,keepaspectratio]{./tux.eps}}]{Linux Penguin}
%    
%    will use the specified graphic as the author's photo. The photo area is
%    exactly 1in wide by 1.25in high - as is done in IEEE Transactions. Try
%    to keep the same 4:5 aspect ratio if scanning/cropping your photos. 
%    Note the need for the extra set of enclosing braces around the
%    \includegraphics. Without it, The LaTeX parser may get confused when it
%    sees the \includegraphics's brackets within the biography's optional
%    argument. Due to the length of the \includegraphics command, you may wish
%    to define your own shorthand form of it. I have not done so with IEEEtran 
%    to prevent dependence on the graphicx package. If you do not use the 
%    optional argument, or leave it empty, a standard frame box with the 
%    words "Place Photo Here" will be used. If you want the space to remain
%    completely empty, you can do:
%    
%    \begin{biography}[\mbox{}]{The Invisible Man} 
%    
%    The interface to biography's optional argument is into a
%    1in X 1.25in minipage in which the argument text is centered both 
%    horizontally and vertically:
%    
%    \begin{minipage}[b][1.25in][c]{1in}%
%    \centering
%    #1%
%    \end{minipage}
%    
%    Within the biography environment, \unitlength is set to 1in.
%    With this in mind, you can even design your own custom frameboxes.
%    For instance:
%    
%    \begin{biography}[\framebox(1,1.25){\parbox[][\height][c]{0.9in}{\centering PLACE\\ PHOTO\\ HERE}}]{Author Name}
%    
%    will yield the same type of result as the default photo box.
%    
%    Thanks to Herbert Voss for discovering the collision bug, suggesting the ability
%    to handle graphics and providing some prototype code.
%
%
%
%*******
% 3/2001 V1.4 (MDS) changes:
%
%
% 1) New "draftcls" and "final" options have been added.
%    Thanks to Dragan Cvetkovic for suggesting an option like draftcls.
%    
% 2) Documentation changes to reflect the fact that this IEEEtran.cls 
%    is no longer beta test.
%
% 3) Slightly revised caption sizes. Figure and table captions are now 
%    in \footnotesize, not \small as before.
%
% 4) Allow user to control figure caption justification. IEEEtran.cls 
%    normally defaults to left justified as is done in Transactions.
%    However, for conferences, you may wish to issue the command:
%    \centerfigcaptionstrue
%    in the preamble. Short (less than one line long) figure captions
%    will then be centered. Multi-line figure captions will always be 
%    properly left justified. V1.6: This is already done for you when
%    using the conference mode.
%
%
%
%*******
% 1/2001 V1.3 
% Michael Shell (MDS) made extensive changes and additions:
%
%
% BUGS FIXED (and many others too numerous to mention!):
% 1) Fixed improper alignment with itemized, enumerated and
%    description lists. Added new controls to these three
%    environments so that it is easy to get the alignment IEEE
%    uses. Furthermore, the itemize, enumerate and description lists
%    no longer force a new paragraph to begin at the end the list
%    (\par). (Sometimes lists are used within paragraphs.) 
% 
% 2) JVH's fixes now allow things like $\mathbf{N}(0,P(0))$
%    to work properly without needing the extra braces:
%    ${\mathbf{N}}(0,P(0))$. There is no longer any dependence
%    on the "rawfonts" and "oldlfont" packages. Thanks Juergen! 
% 
% 3) Fixed underfull hbox errors and incorrect reference number
%    alignment when the number of references in the bibliography
%    exceeded 9 entries (which is almost every paper!).
%  
% 4) Removed dependence on the LaTeX sizexx.clo files.
%    Now, 9pt documents should work correctly even on systems that
%    lack a size9.clo file. This is most often used in conjunction
%    with the option "technote" for "correspondence" papers like those
%    in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. For virtually all
%    other papers, 10pt is used and so it is the default.
%    Some improper font sizes have been corrected. \footnotesize is
%    now 8pt in 9pt docs, so footnotes in technotes should be the
%    correct size now. 
% 
% 5) Added \interlinepenalty within the bibliography section to discourage
%    LaTeX from breaking within a reference. IEEE almost never breaks within
%    a reference and when they do it is usually in technotes
%    (correspondence papers). You may get an underfull vbox warning in the
%    bibliography indicating that the spacing just before the "REFERENCES" 
%    section is larger than normal, but the final result will be more like 
%    what IEEE will publish. See the comments in the BIBLIOGRAPHY section
%    around line 2034 below if you want to change this behavior.
%
% 6) No longer "blows up" when you use \paragraph and have a table
%    of contents.
% 
% 7) Theorem environment changed, (but for V1.6, back to the old way, sigh).
% 
% 8) Figure captions adjusted: IEEE left (not center) justifies
%    figure captions (for journals) and does not indent figure caption text.
% 
% 9) Adjusted some spacings in the table of contents(TOC))/list-of-figures/
%    list-of-tables so that section/table numbers will not so easily 
%    collide with the titles. Section VIII was usually the worst offender.
%    Still doesn't right justify the section numbers, but neither does 
%    article.cls (This must be why LaTeX likes the x.y.z section numbering
%    scheme unlike I, II, III, etc. of IEEE. )
%    It may be "normal" as it is (left justified). sigh.
% 
%10) Now uses "index terms" now as a heading instead of "keywords".
%    Furthermore, the "index terms" and "abstract" headings are in bold
%    italic. This is how IEEE does things.
%
%11) \thebibliography and \biography now put entries into
%    the table of contents for you.
%