stats->bit_ctr_emulationprevention += stats->em_prev_bits_frm;

  if (img->type != B_SLICE)
  {
    img->pstruct_next_P = img->fld_flag;
  }

  // Here, img->structure may be either FRAME or BOTTOM FIELD depending on whether AFF coding is used
  // The picture structure decision changes really only the fld_flag

  if (img->fld_flag)            // field mode (use field when fld_flag=1 only)
  {
    field_mode_buffer (bits_fld, dis_fld_y, dis_fld_u, dis_fld_v);
    writeout_picture (top_pic);
    writeout_picture (bottom_pic);
  }
  else                          //frame mode
  {
    frame_mode_buffer (bits_frm, dis_frm_y, dis_frm_u, dis_frm_v);
    writeout_picture (frame_pic);
  }

  if (frame_pic)
    free_slice_list(frame_pic);
  if (top_pic)
    free_slice_list(top_pic);
  if (bottom_pic)
    free_slice_list(bottom_pic);

  /*
  // Tian Dong (Sept 2002)
  // in frame mode, the newly reconstructed frame has been inserted to the mem buffer
  // and it is time to prepare the spare picture SEI payload.
  if (input->InterlaceCodingOption == FRAME_CODING
      && input->SparePictureOption && img->type != B_SLICE)
    CalculateSparePicture ();
*/

  //Rate control
  if(input->RCEnable)
  {
    bits = stats->bit_ctr-stats->bit_ctr_n;
    rc_update_pict_frame(bits);
  }

/*
    
  if (input->InterlaceCodingOption == FRAME_CODING)
  {
    if (input->rdopt == 2 && img->type != B_SLICE)
      UpdateDecoders ();      // simulate packet losses and move decoded image to reference buffers
    
    if (input->RestrictRef)
      UpdatePixelMap ();
  }
*/

  find_snr ();

  time (&ltime2);               // end time sec
#ifdef WIN32
  _ftime (&tstruct2);           // end time ms
#else
  ftime (&tstruct2);            // end time ms
#endif

  tmp_time = (ltime2 * 1000 + tstruct2.millitm) - (ltime1 * 1000 + tstruct1.millitm);
  tot_time = tot_time + tmp_time;

  if (input->PicInterlace == ADAPTIVE_CODING)
  {
    if (img->fld_flag)
    {
      // store bottom field
      store_picture_in_dpb(enc_bottom_picture);
      free_storable_picture(enc_frame_picture);
    }
    else
    {
      // replace top with frame
      replace_top_pic_with_frame(enc_frame_picture);
      free_storable_picture(enc_bottom_picture);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (img->fld_flag)
    {
      store_picture_in_dpb(enc_bottom_picture);
    }
    else
    {
      store_picture_in_dpb(enc_frame_picture);
    }
  }


#ifdef _LEAKYBUCKET_
  // Store bits used for this frame and increment counter of no. of coded frames
  Bit_Buffer[total_frame_buffer] = stats->bit_ctr - stats->bit_ctr_n;
  total_frame_buffer++;
#endif

  // POC200301: Verify that POC coding type 2 is not used if more than one consecutive 
  // non-reference frame is requested or if decoding order is different from output order
  if (img->pic_order_cnt_type == 2)
  {
    if (!img->nal_reference_idc) consecutive_non_reference_pictures++;
    else consecutive_non_reference_pictures = 0;

    if (frame_no < prev_frame_no || consecutive_non_reference_pictures>1)
      error("POC type 2 cannot be applied for the coding pattern where the encoding /decoding order of pictures are different from the output order.\n", -1);
    prev_frame_no = frame_no;
  }

  if (stats->bit_ctr_parametersets_n!=0)
    ReportNALNonVLCBits(tmp_time, me_time);

  if (IMG_NUMBER == 0)
    ReportFirstframe(tmp_time,me_time);
    //ReportFirstframe(tmp_time);
  else
  {
    //Rate control
    if(input->RCEnable)
    {
      if((!input->PicInterlace)&&(!input->MbInterlace))
        bits=stats->bit_ctr-stats->bit_ctr_n;
      else
      {
        bits = stats->bit_ctr -Pprev_bits; // used for rate control update */
        Pprev_bits = stats->bit_ctr;
      }
    }

    switch (img->type)
    {
    case I_SLICE:
      stats->bit_ctr_P += stats->bit_ctr - stats->bit_ctr_n;
	  ReportIntra(tmp_time,me_time);
      //ReportIntra(tmp_time);
      break;
    case SP_SLICE:
      stats->bit_ctr_P += stats->bit_ctr - stats->bit_ctr_n;
      ReportSP(tmp_time,me_time);
      //ReportSP(tmp_time);
      break;
    case B_SLICE:
      stats->bit_ctr_B += stats->bit_ctr - stats->bit_ctr_n;
      if (img->nal_reference_idc>0)
        ReportBS(tmp_time,me_time);
        //ReportBS(tmp_time);
      else
        ReportB(tmp_time,me_time);
        //ReportB(tmp_time);

      break;
    default:      // P
      stats->bit_ctr_P += stats->bit_ctr - stats->bit_ctr_n;
      ReportP(tmp_time,me_time);
      //ReportP(tmp_time);
    }
  }
  stats->bit_ctr_n = stats->bit_ctr;

  //Rate control
  if(input->RCEnable) 
  {
    rc_update_pict(bits);
      /*update the parameters of quadratic R-D model*/
    if((img->type==P_SLICE)&&(active_sps->frame_mbs_only_flag))
      updateRCModel();
    else if((img->type==P_SLICE)&&(!active_sps->frame_mbs_only_flag)\
      &&(img->IFLAG==0))
      updateRCModel();
  }

  stats->bit_ctr_parametersets_n=0;

  FreeSourceframe (srcframe);

  if (IMG_NUMBER == 0)
    return 0;
  else
    return 1;
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    This function write out a picture
 * \return
 *    0 if OK,                                                         \n
 *    1 in case of error
 *
 ************************************************************************
 */
static int writeout_picture(Picture *pic)
{
  Bitstream *currStream;
  int partition, slice;
  Slice *currSlice;

  img->currentPicture=pic;

  for (slice=0; slice<pic->no_slices; slice++)
  {
    currSlice = pic->slices[slice];
    for (partition=0; partition<currSlice->max_part_nr; partition++)
    {
      currStream = (currSlice->partArr[partition]).bitstream;
      assert (currStream->bits_to_go == 8);    //! should always be the case, the 
                                               //! byte alignment is done in terminate_slice
      writeUnit (currSlice->partArr[partition].bitstream,partition);

    }           // partition loop
  }           // slice loop
  return 0;   
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Encodes a frame picture
 ************************************************************************
 */
void frame_picture (Picture *frame)
{

  img->structure = FRAME;
  img->PicSizeInMbs = img->FrameSizeInMbs;

  enc_frame_picture  = alloc_storable_picture (img->structure, img->width, img->height, img->width_cr, img->height_cr);
  img->ThisPOC=enc_frame_picture->poc=img->framepoc;
  enc_frame_picture->top_poc    = img->toppoc;
  enc_frame_picture->bottom_poc = img->bottompoc;

  enc_frame_picture->frame_poc = img->framepoc;

  enc_frame_picture->pic_num = img->frame_num;
  enc_frame_picture->frame_num = img->frame_num;
  enc_frame_picture->coded_frame = 1;

  enc_frame_picture->MbaffFrameFlag = img->MbaffFrameFlag = (input->MbInterlace != FRAME_CODING);

  enc_picture=enc_frame_picture;

  stats->em_prev_bits_frm = 0;
  stats->em_prev_bits = &stats->em_prev_bits_frm;

  if (img->MbaffFrameFlag)
  {
    CopyTopFieldToOldImgOrgVariables (srcframe);
    CopyBottomFieldToOldImgOrgVariables (srcframe);
  }

  img->fld_flag = 0;
  code_a_picture(frame);

  frame->bits_per_picture = 8 * ((((img->currentSlice)->partArr[0]).bitstream)->byte_pos);
  
  if (img->structure==FRAME)
  {
    find_distortion (snr, img);      
    frame->distortion_y = snr->snr_y;
    frame->distortion_u = snr->snr_u;
    frame->distortion_v = snr->snr_v;
  }
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Encodes a field picture, consisting of top and bottom field
 ************************************************************************
 */
void field_picture (Picture *top, Picture *bottom)
{
  //Rate control
  int old_pic_type;              // picture type of top field used for rate control    
  int TopFieldBits;
  
  //Rate control
  old_pic_type = img->type;

  stats->em_prev_bits_fld = 0;
  stats->em_prev_bits = &stats->em_prev_bits_fld;
  img->number *= 2;
  img->buf_cycle *= 2;
  img->height = input->img_height / 2; 
  img->height_cr = input->img_height_cr / 2;
  img->fld_flag = 1;
  img->PicSizeInMbs = img->FrameSizeInMbs/2;
  // Top field
  
//  img->bottom_field_flag = 0;
  enc_top_picture  = alloc_storable_picture (img->structure, img->width, img->height, img->width_cr, img->height_cr);
  enc_top_picture->poc=img->toppoc;
  enc_top_picture->frame_poc = img->toppoc;
  enc_top_picture->pic_num = img->frame_num;
  enc_top_picture->frame_num = img->frame_num;
  enc_top_picture->coded_frame = 0;
  enc_top_picture->MbaffFrameFlag = img->MbaffFrameFlag = FALSE;
  img->ThisPOC = img->toppoc;
  
  img->structure = TOP_FIELD;
  enc_picture = enc_top_picture;
  put_buffer_top ();
  init_field ();
  if (img->type == B_SLICE)       //all I- and P-frames
    nextP_tr_fld--;

  CopyTopFieldToOldImgOrgVariables (srcframe);

  img->fld_flag = 1;
//  img->bottom_field_flag = 0;
 
  //Rate control
  if(input->RCEnable)
  {
    img->BasicUnit=input->basicunit;

    if(input->PicInterlace==FIELD_CODING)
      rc_init_pict(0,1,1); 
    else
      rc_init_pict(0,1,0);

    img->qp  = updateQuantizationParameter(1); 
   }
  img->TopFieldFlag=1;

  code_a_picture(top_pic);
  enc_picture->structure = 1;
    
  store_picture_in_dpb(enc_top_picture);

  top->bits_per_picture = 8 * ((((img->currentSlice)->partArr[0]).bitstream)->byte_pos);

  //Rate control
  TopFieldBits=top->bits_per_picture;

  //  Bottom field
//  img->bottom_field_flag = 0;
  enc_bottom_picture  = alloc_storable_picture (img->structure, img->width, img->height, img->width_cr, img->height_cr);
  enc_bottom_picture->poc=img->bottompoc;
  enc_bottom_picture->frame_poc = img->bottompoc;
  enc_bottom_picture->pic_num = img->frame_num;
  enc_bottom_picture->frame_num = img->frame_num;
  enc_bottom_picture->coded_frame = 0;
  enc_bottom_picture->MbaffFrameFlag = img->MbaffFrameFlag = FALSE;
  img->ThisPOC = img->bottompoc;
  img->structure = BOTTOM_FIELD;
  enc_picture = enc_bottom_picture;
  put_buffer_bot ();
  img->number++;

  init_field ();

  if (img->type == B_SLICE)       //all I- and P-frames
    nextP_tr_fld++;             //check once coding B field

 if (img->type == I_SLICE && input->IntraBottom!=1)
    img->type = P_SLICE;

  CopyBottomFieldToOldImgOrgVariables (srcframe);
  img->fld_flag = 1;
//  img->bottom_field_flag = 1;

  //Rate control
  if(input->RCEnable)  setbitscount(TopFieldBits);
  if(input->RCEnable)
  {
    rc_init_pict(0,0,0); 
    img->qp  = updateQuantizationParameter(0); 
  }
  img->TopFieldFlag=0;

  enc_picture->structure = 2;
  code_a_picture(bottom_pic);

  bottom->bits_per_picture = 8 * ((((img->currentSlice)->partArr[0]).bitstream)->byte_pos);

  // the distortion for a field coded frame (consisting of top and bottom field)
  // lives in the top->distortion varaibles, thye bottom-> are dummies
  distortion_fld (&top->distortion_y, &top->distortion_u, &top->distortion_v);

}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 * \brief
 *    Distortion Field
 ************************************************************************
 */
static void distortion_fld (float *dis_fld_y, float *dis_fld_u, float *dis_fld_v)
{

  img->number /= 2;
  img->buf_cycle /= 2;
  img->height = input->img_height;
  img->height_cr = input->img_height_cr;
  img->total_number_mb =
    (img->width * img->height) / (MB_BLOCK_SIZE * MB_BLOCK_SIZE);

  combine_field ();

  imgY_org = imgY_org_frm;
  imgUV_org = imgUV_org_frm;

  find_distortion (snr, img);   // find snr from original frame picture

  *dis_fld_y = snr->snr_y;
  *dis_fld_u = snr->snr_u;
  *dis_fld_v = snr->snr_v;