sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      aff = sqlite3AffinityType(&pExpr->token);
      to_op = aff - SQLITE_AFF_TEXT + OP_ToText;
      assert( to_op==OP_ToText    || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT    );
      assert( to_op==OP_ToBlob    || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_NONE    );
      assert( to_op==OP_ToNumeric || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
      assert( to_op==OP_ToInt     || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
      assert( to_op==OP_ToReal    || aff!=SQLITE_AFF_REAL    );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, to_op, 0, 0);
      stackChng = 0;
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_LT:
    case TK_LE:
    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE:
    case TK_NE:
    case TK_EQ: {
      assert( TK_LT==OP_Lt );
      assert( TK_LE==OP_Le );
      assert( TK_GT==OP_Gt );
      assert( TK_GE==OP_Ge );
      assert( TK_EQ==OP_Eq );
      assert( TK_NE==OP_Ne );
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
      codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op, 0, 0);
      stackChng = -1;
      break;
    }
    case TK_AND:
    case TK_OR:
    case TK_PLUS:
    case TK_STAR:
    case TK_MINUS:
    case TK_REM:
    case TK_BITAND:
    case TK_BITOR:
    case TK_SLASH:
    case TK_LSHIFT:
    case TK_RSHIFT: 
    case TK_CONCAT: {
      assert( TK_AND==OP_And );
      assert( TK_OR==OP_Or );
      assert( TK_PLUS==OP_Add );
      assert( TK_MINUS==OP_Subtract );
      assert( TK_REM==OP_Remainder );
      assert( TK_BITAND==OP_BitAnd );
      assert( TK_BITOR==OP_BitOr );
      assert( TK_SLASH==OP_Divide );
      assert( TK_LSHIFT==OP_ShiftLeft );
      assert( TK_RSHIFT==OP_ShiftRight );
      assert( TK_CONCAT==OP_Concat );
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, op, 0, 0);
      stackChng = -1;
      break;
    }
    case TK_UMINUS: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      assert( pLeft );
      if( pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT || pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER ){
        Token *p = &pLeft->token;
        char *z = sqlite3MPrintf("-%.*s", p->n, p->z);
        if( pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT ){
          sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_Real, 0, 0, z, p->n+1);
        }else{
          codeInteger(v, z, p->n+1);
        }
        sqliteFree(z);
        break;
      }
      /* Fall through into TK_NOT */
    }
    case TK_BITNOT:
    case TK_NOT: {
      assert( TK_BITNOT==OP_BitNot );
      assert( TK_NOT==OP_Not );
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, op, 0, 0);
      stackChng = 0;
      break;
    }
    case TK_ISNULL:
    case TK_NOTNULL: {
      int dest;
      assert( TK_ISNULL==OP_IsNull );
      assert( TK_NOTNULL==OP_NotNull );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, 1, 0);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      dest = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 2;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, op, 1, dest);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, -1, 0);
      stackChng = 0;
      break;
    }
    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {
      AggInfo *pInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
      if( pInfo==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate: %T",
            &pExpr->span);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemLoad, pInfo->aFunc[pExpr->iAgg].iMem, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_CONST_FUNC:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pList = pExpr->pList;
      int nExpr = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;
      FuncDef *pDef;
      int nId;
      const char *zId;
      int constMask = 0;
      int i;
      u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
      CollSeq *pColl = 0;
      zId = (char*)pExpr->token.z;
      nId = pExpr->token.n;
      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, nId, nExpr, enc, 0);
      assert( pDef!=0 );
      nExpr = sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is
      ** a virtual table column.
      **
      ** For infix functions (LIKE, GLOB, REGEXP, and MATCH) use the
      ** second argument, not the first, as the argument to test to
      ** see if it is a column in a virtual table.  This is done because
      ** the left operand of infix functions (the operand we want to
      ** control overloading) ends up as the second argument to the
      ** function.  The expression "A glob B" is equivalent to 
      ** "glob(B,A).  We want to use the A in "A glob B" to test
      ** for function overloading.  But we use the B term in "glob(B,A)".
      */
      if( nExpr>=2 && (pExpr->flags & EP_InfixFunc) ){
        pDef = sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(pDef, nExpr, pList->a[1].pExpr);
      }else if( nExpr>0 ){
        pDef = sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(pDef, nExpr, pList->a[0].pExpr);
      }
#endif
      for(i=0; i<nExpr && i<32; i++){
        if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pList->a[i].pExpr) ){
          constMask |= (1<<i);
        }
        if( pDef->needCollSeq && !pColl ){
          pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr);
        }
      }
      if( pDef->needCollSeq ){
        if( !pColl ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl; 
        sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P3_COLLSEQ);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_Function, constMask, nExpr, (char*)pDef, P3_FUNCDEF);
      stackChng = 1-nExpr;
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_EXISTS:
    case TK_SELECT: {
      if( pExpr->iColumn==0 ){
        sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemLoad, pExpr->iColumn, 0);
      VdbeComment((v, "# load subquery result"));
      break;
    }
    case TK_IN: {
      int addr;
      char affinity;
      int ckOffset = pParse->ckOffset;
      sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);

      /* Figure out the affinity to use to create a key from the results
      ** of the expression. affinityStr stores a static string suitable for
      ** P3 of OP_MakeRecord.
      */
      affinity = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, 1, 0);
      pParse->ckOffset = ckOffset+1;

      /* Code the <expr> from "<expr> IN (...)". The temporary table
      ** pExpr->iTable contains the values that make up the (...) set.
      */
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotNull, -1, addr+4);            /* addr + 0 */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 2, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Null, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr+7);
      sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, 1, 0, &affinity, 1);   /* addr + 4 */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Found, pExpr->iTable, addr+7);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, -1, 0);                  /* addr + 6 */

      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      struct ExprList_item *pLItem = pExpr->pList->a;
      Expr *pRight = pLItem->pExpr;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pLeft);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight);
      codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pRight, OP_Ge, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pull, 1, 0);
      pLItem++;
      pRight = pLItem->pExpr;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight);
      codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pRight, OP_Le, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_And, 0, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_UPLUS:
    case TK_AS: {
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      stackChng = 0;
      break;
    }
    case TK_CASE: {
      int expr_end_label;
      int jumpInst;
      int nExpr;
      int i;
      ExprList *pEList;
      struct ExprList_item *aListelem;

      assert(pExpr->pList);
      assert((pExpr->pList->nExpr % 2) == 0);
      assert(pExpr->pList->nExpr > 0);
      pEList = pExpr->pList;
      aListelem = pEList->a;
      nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
      expr_end_label = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      if( pExpr->pLeft ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
      }
      for(i=0; i<nExpr; i=i+2){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, aListelem[i].pExpr);
        if( pExpr->pLeft ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 1, 1);
          jumpInst = codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, aListelem[i].pExpr,
                                 OP_Ne, 0, 1);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
        }else{
          jumpInst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_IfNot, 1, 0);
        }
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, aListelem[i+1].pExpr);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, expr_end_label);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jumpInst);
      }
      if( pExpr->pLeft ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
      }
      if( pExpr->pRight ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Null, 0, 0);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, expr_end_label);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      if( !pParse->trigStack ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                       "RAISE() may only be used within a trigger-program");
	return;
      }
      if( pExpr->iColumn!=OE_Ignore ){
         assert( pExpr->iColumn==OE_Rollback ||
                 pExpr->iColumn == OE_Abort ||
                 pExpr->iColumn == OE_Fail );
         sqlite3DequoteExpr(pExpr);
         sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, pExpr->iColumn,
                        (char*)pExpr->token.z, pExpr->token.n);
      } else {
         assert( pExpr->iColumn == OE_Ignore );
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_ContextPop, 0, 0);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, pParse->trigStack->ignoreJump);
         VdbeComment((v, "# raise(IGNORE)"));
      }
      stackChng = 0;
      break;
    }
#endif
  }

  if( pParse->ckOffset ){
    pParse->ckOffset += stackChng;
    assert( pParse->ckOffset );
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
/*
** Generate code that evalutes the given expression and leaves the result
** on the stack.  See also sqlite3ExprCode().
**
** This routine might also cache the result and modify the pExpr tree
** so that it will make use of the cached result on subsequent evaluations
** rather than evaluate the whole expression again.  Trivial expressions are
** not cached.  If the expression is cached, its result is stored in a 
** memory location.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int iMem;
  int addr1, addr2;
  if( v==0 ) return;
  addr1 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr);
  addr2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  if( addr2>addr1+1 || sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, addr1)->opcode==OP_Function ){
    iMem = pExpr->iTable = pParse->nMem++;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, iMem, 0);
    pExpr->op = TK_REGISTER;
  }
}
#endif

/*
** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
** expression list onto the stack.
**
** Return the number of elements pushed onto the stack.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList    /* The expression list to be coded */
){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  int i, n;
  if( pList==0 ) return 0;
  n = pList->nExpr;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=n; i>0; i--, pItem++){
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Generate code for a boolean expression such that a jump is made
** to the label "dest" if the expression is true but execution
** continues straight thru if the expression is false.
**
** If the expression evaluates to NULL (neither true nor false), then
** take the jump if the jumpIfNull flag is true.
**
** This code depends on the fact that certain token values (ex: TK_EQ)
** are the same as opcode values (ex: OP_Eq) that implement the corresponding
** operation.  Special comments in vdbe.c and the mkopcodeh.awk script in
** the make process cause these values to align.  Assert()s in the code
** below verify that the numbers are aligned correctly.
*/
void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int jumpIfNull){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int op = 0;
  int ckOffset = pParse->ckOffset;
  if( v==0 || pExpr==0 ) return;
  op = pExpr->op;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AND: {
      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2, !jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
      break;
    }
    case TK_OR: {
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }
    case TK_NOT: {
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }
    case TK_LT:
    case TK_LE:
    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE:
    case TK_NE:
    case TK_EQ: {
      assert( TK_LT==OP_Lt );
      assert( TK_LE==OP_Le );
      assert( TK_GT==OP_Gt );
      assert( TK_GE==OP_Ge );
      assert( TK_EQ==OP_Eq );
      assert( TK_NE==OP_Ne );
      sqlite3ExprCode(