** second function argument.
**
** The third argument must be one of the constants SQLITE_UTF8,
** SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE, indicating that the user-supplied
** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
** UTF-16 little-endian or UTF-16 big-endian respectively.
**
** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
** argument. If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore). Each time the user
** supplied function is invoked, it is passed a copy of the void* passed as
** the fourth argument to sqlite3_create_collation() or
** sqlite3_create_collation16() as its first parameter.
**
** The remaining arguments to the user-supplied routine are two strings,
** each represented by a [length, data] pair and encoded in the encoding
** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
** registered. The user routine should return negative, zero or positive if
** the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second
** string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
*/
int sqlite3_create_collation(
  sqlite3*, 
  const char *zName, 
  int eTextRep, 
  void*,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
);
int sqlite3_create_collation16(
  sqlite3*, 
  const char *zName, 
  int eTextRep, 
  void*,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
);

/*
** To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
** database handle to be called whenever an undefined collation sequence is
** required.
**
** If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
** encoded in UTF-8. If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used, the names
** are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order. A call to either
** function replaces any existing callback.
**
** When the user-function is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
** sqlite3_collation_needed16(). The second argument is the database
** handle. The third argument is one of SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or
** SQLITE_UTF16LE, indicating the most desirable form of the collation
** sequence function required. The fourth parameter is the name of the
** required collation sequence.
**
** The collation sequence is returned to SQLite by a collation-needed
** callback using the sqlite3_create_collation() or
** sqlite3_create_collation16() APIs, described above.
*/
int sqlite3_collation_needed(
  sqlite3*, 
  void*, 
  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
);
int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
  sqlite3*, 
  void*,
  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
);

/*
** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
** called right after sqlite3_open().
**
** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
** of SQLite.
*/
int sqlite3_key(
  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
);

/*
** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
** database is decrypted.
**
** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
** of SQLite.
*/
int sqlite3_rekey(
  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
);

/*
** Sleep for a little while. The second parameter is the number of
** miliseconds to sleep for. 
**
** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with 
** milisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to 
** the nearest second. The number of miliseconds of sleep actually 
** requested from the operating system is returned.
*/
int sqlite3_sleep(int);

/*
** Return TRUE (non-zero) if the statement supplied as an argument needs
** to be recompiled.  A statement needs to be recompiled whenever the
** execution environment changes in a way that would alter the program
** that sqlite3_prepare() generates.  For example, if new functions or
** collating sequences are registered or if an authorizer function is
** added or changed.
**
*/
int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** Move all bindings from the first prepared statement over to the second.
** This routine is useful, for example, if the first prepared statement
** fails with an SQLITE_SCHEMA error.  The same SQL can be prepared into
** the second prepared statement then all of the bindings transfered over
** to the second statement before the first statement is finalized.
*/
int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** If the following global variable is made to point to a
** string which is the name of a directory, then all temporary files
** created by SQLite will be placed in that directory.  If this variable
** is NULL pointer, then SQLite does a search for an appropriate temporary
** file directory.
**
** Once sqlite3_open() has been called, changing this variable will invalidate
** the current temporary database, if any.
*/
extern char *sqlite3_temp_directory;

/*
** This function is called to recover from a malloc() failure that occured
** within the SQLite library. Normally, after a single malloc() fails the 
** library refuses to function (all major calls return SQLITE_NOMEM).
** This function restores the library state so that it can be used again.
**
** All existing statements (sqlite3_stmt pointers) must be finalized or
** reset before this call is made. Otherwise, SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
** If any in-memory databases are in use, either as a main or TEMP
** database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. In either of these cases, the 
** library is not reset and remains unusable.
**
** This function is *not* threadsafe. Calling this from within a threaded
** application when threads other than the caller have used SQLite is
** dangerous and will almost certainly result in malfunctions.
**
** This functionality can be omitted from a build by defining the 
** SQLITE_OMIT_GLOBALRECOVER at compile time.
*/
int sqlite3_global_recover(void);

/*
** Test to see whether or not the database connection is in autocommit
** mode.  Return TRUE if it is and FALSE if not.  Autocommit mode is on
** by default.  Autocommit is disabled by a BEGIN statement and reenabled
** by the next COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
*/
int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);

/*
** Return the sqlite3* database handle to which the prepared statement given
** in the argument belongs.  This is the same database handle that was
** the first argument to the sqlite3_prepare() that was used to create
** the statement in the first place.
*/
sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** Register a callback function with the database connection identified by the 
** first argument to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
** Any callback set by a previous call to this function for the same 
** database connection is overridden.
**
** The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a 
** row is updated, inserted or deleted. The first argument to the callback is
** a copy of the third argument to sqlite3_update_hook. The second callback 
** argument is one of SQLITE_INSERT, SQLITE_DELETE or SQLITE_UPDATE, depending
** on the operation that caused the callback to be invoked. The third and 
** fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the database and 
** table name containing the affected row. The final callback parameter is 
** the rowid of the row. In the case of an update, this is the rowid after 
** the update takes place.
**
** The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).
**
** If another function was previously registered, its pArg value is returned.
** Otherwise NULL is returned.
*/
void *sqlite3_update_hook(
  sqlite3*, 
  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite_int64),
  void*
);

/*
** Register a callback to be invoked whenever a transaction is rolled
** back. 
**
** The new callback function overrides any existing rollback-hook
** callback. If there was an existing callback, then it's pArg value 
** (the third argument to sqlite3_rollback_hook() when it was registered) 
** is returned. Otherwise, NULL is returned.
**
** For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been 
** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur. The 
** callback is not invoked if a transaction is automatically rolled
** back because the database connection is closed.
*/
void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);

/*
** This function is only available if the library is compiled without
** the SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE macro defined. It is used to enable or
** disable (if the argument is true or false, respectively) the 
** "shared pager" feature.
*/
int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);

/*
** Attempt to free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential
** memory allocations held by the database library (example: memory 
** used to cache database pages to improve performance).
**
** This function is not a part of standard builds.  It is only created
** if SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT macro.
*/
int sqlite3_release_memory(int);

/*
** Place a "soft" limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by
** SQLite within the current thread. If an internal allocation is requested 
** that would exceed the specified limit, sqlite3_release_memory() is invoked
** one or more times to free up some space before the allocation is made.
**
** The limit is called "soft", because if sqlite3_release_memory() cannot free
** sufficient memory to prevent the limit from being exceeded, the memory is
** allocated anyway and the current operation proceeds.
**
** This function is only available if the library was compiled with the 
** SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT option set.
** memory-management has been enabled.
*/
void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);

/*
** This routine makes sure that all thread-local storage has been
** deallocated for the current thread.
**
** This routine is not technically necessary.  All thread-local storage
** will be automatically deallocated once memory-management and
** shared-cache are disabled and the soft heap limit has been set
** to zero.  This routine is provided as a convenience for users who
** want to make absolutely sure they have not forgotten something
** prior to killing off a thread.
*/
void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);

/*
** Return meta information about a specific column of a specific database
** table accessible using the connection handle passed as the first function 
** argument.
**
** The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to 
** this function. The second parameter is either the name of the database
** (i.e. "main", "temp" or an attached database) containing the specified
** table or NULL. If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
** for the table using the same algorithm as the database engine uses to 
** resolve unqualified table references.
**
** The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column 
** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters 
** may be NULL.
**
** Meta information is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as
** the 5th and subsequent parameters to this function. Any of these 
** arguments may be NULL, in which case the corresponding element of meta 
** information is ommitted.
**
** Parameter     Output Type      Description
** -----------------------------------
**
**   5th         const char*      Data type
**   6th         const char*      Name of the default collation sequence 
**   7th         int              True if the column has a NOT NULL constraint
**   8th         int