?? how to hook up ppp in linux.htm
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<H2>How to hook up PPP</H2></CENTER>
<CENTER>
<H3>in Linux</H3></CENTER>
<CENTER>
<H3>W.G. Unruh</H3></CENTER>
<CENTER><IMG alt="" src="How to Hook up PPP in Linux.files/unruh.png">
</CENTER>You can download this file as a text file (no HTML formatting) at <A
href="http://www.theory.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.txt">www.theory.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.txt</A>
<BR>or as an HTML version at <A
href="http://www.theory.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html">http://www.theory.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html</A>
<P>This document is copyright W. Unruh. It may be copied freely as a whole for
non-commercial purposes, but must retain the indication of authorship. If you
want to include it in a collection for sale, please contact the author.
Furthermore, any alterations must have the permission of the author.
<H4>Reason for Document </H4>
<P>The key problem in hooking up a PPP link to an Internet Service Provider
(ISP) is that the ISP's seem to compete with each other as to who can find
another obscure way of authenticating users. Thus we have login, PAP, CHAP 05,
CHAP80, CHAP80-lanman, CHAP81, ... and combinations of these. The chief
difficulty of connecting to an ISP is discovering which technique is actually
being used by the ISP in an orderly way. Since few of them know anything about
Linux, and since few of them even understand what technique they actually use,
this procedure should allow you to set up without their help, or to understand
what their help means if it is given.
<P>The following has a number of steps to connecting to your ISP. The temptation
is to skip steps. This is a bad idea, as it will almost certainly lead to grief.
Do each step and you will succeed, and you will also learn something about your
system in the process.
<P>These instructions were developed with the 2.0.x versions of the Linux
kernels, and also work with the 2.2.x or 2.4.x series of kernels as well.
Similarly, they work with versions of pppd at least from version 2.3.3 on (up to
2.4.1 by now).(For the 2.4.x kernels you <B>must</B> use pppd version 2.4.1 or
later.) In fact some of the features below only work with later versions of pppd
and I would urge you to upgrade to the latest version. You can get the latest
pppd from <A href="ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp">ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp</A>.
You may be able to get versions from <A
href="ftp://cs.anu.edu.au/pub/software/ppp/">ftp://cs.anu.edu.au/pub/software/ppp/</A>
but these sites may not be up to date.
<P>Unfortunately the man page for pppd has gotten out of date, and a number of
options have been added/subtracted without proper documentation. For a latest
man page for pppd 2.4.1 written by James Carlson ( who ported pppd to Solaris
and is the Solaris maintainer), see <A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/pppd-jc.8">pppd-jc.8</A>
<CENTER>
<H3>INDEX</H3></CENTER>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Initial">Initial
Setup</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Modem">Modem</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Logging">Logging</A>
<LI><A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Resolver">Resolver</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#NoDefault">No
Default Route</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#PPPDModule">PPPD
Module support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#2.0">2.0.x
kernels</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#2.2">2.2.x
kernels</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#2.4">2.4.x
kernels</A> </LI></UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#PPPOptions">PPP
Options</A> </LI></UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#ISPWant">What does ISP
Want? </A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#ImmedPPP">Immediate
PPP</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Which">Which
Authentication?</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Login">Login
Authorisation?</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#PAP">PAP/CHAP</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Types">Types of
CHAP</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Settingup">Setting
up PAP/CHAP</A> </LI></UL>
<LI><A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#AreYouConnected">Connected?</A>
<LI><A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Connected!">Connected!</A>
</LI></UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Testing">Testing
Connection</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Other">Various
Possible Problems</A>
<LI><A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Automation">Automation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#SUID">SUID</A>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Script">Scripts</A>
<LI><A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Security">Security</A>
</LI></UL>
<LI><A href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html#Stopping">Stopping
PPP</A> </LI></UL><A name=Initial></A>
<CENTER>
<H3>Initial Setup</H3></CENTER>
<P>For much of this document, the steps are essentially independent of your ISP.
Many ISPs do not know their own systems, and their advice must often be taken
with a grain of salt. Thus, the document below shows you how to find out what
your ISP wants, independent of what your ISP says he wants. However, for the
first step you cannot do without your ISP. You must get a username and a
password from your ISP-- which usually means that you must open an account with
them and pay your money. It is worth asking them to make sure that they tell you
exactly what form that user name must take when you sign on. For example some of
them demand that you use your full email address with them as your username,
rather than simply the name itself. Others demand additional additions to the
bare username. Try to get them to be as specific as possible about exactly what
you need to use. <BR>You also need to get the ISP's Domain Name Server (DNS-IP)
address. (This is an address in Internet Protocol (IP) format, which is four
numbers each less than 256 separated by dots (eg 142.103.234.29).) Often they
will give you more than one. Occasionally an ISP will refuse. In that case they
may supply the DNS dynamically instead. Using ppp version greater than 2.3.7
will allow you still to sign on with them as described below. <BR> Having
that information, log on as root (use root as the user name when you log on),
or, after you have logged on as a user, run <BR><B>su</B> <BR>and enter your
root password at the prompt.)
<H3><A name=Modem>Modem</A></H3>Make sure that you know which port your modem is
on. The two programs at <A
href="http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/modem-chk.html">modem-chk.html</A> can help
you to determine which port your modem is on. Alternatively, running
<BR><B>setserial -bg /dev/ttyS*</B> can help find serial devices with something
attached. <BR>Remember that COM1 (serial port 1) is /dev/ttyS0. COM2 is
/dev/ttyS1, etc. In the following I will assume /dev/ttyS1. Change for your
situation. <BR>If you have an internal PCI card modem (which is not a winmodem--
see below), looking in /proc/pci can give you a clue as to where the PCI bus
placed the modem (ie port and irq). You can use the setserial command to set up
one of the ttyS devices to use that port and irq. <BR>It is preferable to use
the ttyS device rather than the cua device or the modem device. The cua devices
will (have) disappear in future releases of Linux, and the /dev/modem device
hides what you are actually doing and can lead to conflicts with other programs
which use the serial ports. <BR>[Note that if your modem is a winmodem, it will
not work as is under Linux. Some winmodems now have drivers for Linux. See <A
href="http://www.linmodems.org/">http://www.linmodems.org/</A>--- It is probably
a winmodem if it is a PCI modem, less so if it is an ISA and improbable if it is
an external modem, and also improbably if it is not a 56K modem. <BR>If you have
the latest kernels with USB support (Kernels 2.2.17 with the USB patches or
2.4.x) you may also be able to use USB modems. (They must comply with the ACM
standard.) See The file Documentation/usb/acm.txt included with the Linux source
(/usr/src/linux* if included on your system, or <A
href="http://www.theory.physics.ubc.ca/usb-acm.txt">here</A> is a copy from
kernel 2.2.17 ) Note that for USB modems, the correct port to use is not the
serial port ttyS? series but probably the /dev/usb/acm/? series of ports, where
? is a usb number. I have never used a usb modem, so can provide no guidance on
setting them up correctly. <A name=Logging></A>
<H3>Message Logging</H3>In order to figure out what is happening while you are
trying to log on to your ISP, you must turn on debugging and log the debug
messages to some file. The key programs are pppd, and a program it uses, called
chat. We will store those debugging messages in a file called /var/log/ppp. (You
can use any file you wish, including /var/log/messages. Some distributions are
now installing a directory called /var/log/ppp (Eg, The Corel distribution does
this). If yours does, you must use a different name, eg, /var/log/ppplog. Use
that name instead everywhere this document talks about /var/log/ppp.)
<P>In order that your system will record the debugging information from both
these programs, do the following: <BR><B>cp /etc/syslog.conf
/etc/syslog.conf.orig</B> <BR>to make sure you have a copy of a good version in
case you mess up the next command. If you have trouble, copy back the original
version. <BR>Edit /etc/syslog.conf and add the lines <PRE>local2.* /var/log/ppp
daemon.* /var/log/ppp
</PRE>(Some versions of syslogd (eg on SunOS) demand that those be tabs not
spaces between the two parts on each line. Some editors refuse to insert tabs
and convert them to spaces. The syslogd shipped with most recent distributions
of Linux do not seem to care, but Be warned.)
<P>Then, to tell syslogd to actually log the information, do <BR><B>killall -1
syslogd</B>
<P>SUSE has now gone over to using syslog-ng instead of syslogd. While it does
give much more room for fine tuning exactly what and how you want things logged,
it comes with a much more complex setup. As far as I can tell from the docs for
syslog-ng, you need to add the following lines to the /etc/syslog-ng.config or
/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf file <PRE>destination ppp { file("/var/log/ppp"); };
filter f_ppp {facility(daemon) and facility(local2);};
log { source(src); filter(f_ppp); destination(ppp); };
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