<p><b>plf(plex stored in file):</b></p>

<p>a data structure consisting of an array of structures preceded by a long count of
structures.</p>

<p><b>plcf(plex of cps(or fcs) stored in file):</b></p>

<p>a data structure consisting of two parallel arrays that allows a relation to be
established between a certain <b>cp</b> position in the document text stream (or <b>fc</b>
position in a file) and an arbitrary data structure. it consists of an array of <b>n+1 cp</b>s
or <b>fc</b>s followed by an array of <b>n</b> instances of a particular arbitrary data
structure. in typical usage, the <b>nth cp </b>or<b> fc</b> of the <b>plcf</b> is in
one-to-one correspondence with the <b>nth </b>instance<b> </b>of the arbitrary data
structure, with the <b>n+1st</b> <b>cp </b>or<b> fc</b> marking the limit of the <b>nth</b>
instance's influence. when a <b>plcf</b> is used to record a partitioning of the
document's text stream or a partitioning of the bytes stored in a file, the 0th <b>cp/fc </b>stored
in the <b>plcf</b> will be 0. when a <b>plcf </b>is used to record the location of certain
marks or links within the document text stream, the 0th <b>cp/fc</b> stored in the <b>plcf
</b>will record the position of the 0th mark or link. to properly interpret a <b>plcf</b>
stored in a word file, the length of the stored <b>plcf</b> and the length of the
arbitrary data structure stored in the <b>plcf </b>must be known<b>. </b>the length of the
stored <b>plcf</b> is recorded in the <b>fib. </b>the lengths of the data structures
stored in <b>plcf</b>s within word files are listed later in this document.</p>

<p><b>piece table:</b></p>

<p>the <b>piece table </b>is a data structure that describes the logical sequence of
characters in a word document and records recent changes to the formatting of a word
document. it is stored in a word file as a <b>plcf</b> named the <b>plcfpcd</b> (<b>pl</b>ex
of <b>c</b>ps containing <b>p</b>ie<b>c</b>e <b>d</b>escriptors).the piece table relates a
logical character number, called a <b>cp </b>(<b>c</b>haracter <b>p</b>osition), to a
physical location within a word file (an <b>fc</b>). the array of <b>cp</b>s in the <b>plcfpcd</b>
defines a partitioning of the word document into disjoint pieces. the second array is an
array of <b>pcd</b>s (<b>p</b>ie<b>c</b>e <b>d</b>escriptors) which is in 1-to-1
correspondence to the array of <b>cp</b>s that records the physical location in the word
file where the corresponding piece begins. to find the physical location of a particular
logical character in a<b> </b>word document, take the <b>cp</b> coordinate of that
character within the document and find the piece that contains that character. this is
done by finding the index of the largest<b> cp </b>in the array of <b>cp</b>s that is less
than the character <b>cp</b>. then<b> </b>reference the <b>pcd</b> with that index in the
array of <b>pcd</b>s. the <b>fc</b> stored in the <b>pcd </b>gives the position of the
beginning of the piece in the file. finally, add the offset of the desired character from
the beginning of its piece to the <b>fc</b> of the beginning of the piece. this gives a
&quot;virtual&quot; file offset of the character. if the second most significant bit is
clear, then this indicates the actual file offset of the unicode character (two bytes). if
the second most significant bit is set, then the actual address of the codepage-1252
compressed version of the unicode character (one byte), is actually at the offset
indicated by clearing this bit and dividing by two.</p>

<p><b>sprm (single property modifier):</b></p>

<p>an instruction to modify one or more properties within one of the property defining
data structures (<b>chp</b>, <b>pap</b>, <b>tap</b>, <b>sep, or pic</b>). it consists of
an operation code which identifies the field(s) to be changed, and an<b> </b>operand which
gives the value that a particular field is changed to or else which is a parameter to a
procedure which will change the field or fields. a <b>prl</b> (<b>pr</b>operty modifiers
stored in a <b>l</b>ist) is a <b>sprm</b> plus its operand.</p>

<p><b>grpprl (group of prls):</b></p>

<p>a grpprl is a data structure that records a set of<b> sprm</b>s. the 0th <b>sprm</b> is
recorded at offset 0 of the structure. any succeeding <b>sprm</b>s are recorded
immediately after the end of the preceding <b>sprm</b> . to traverse a <b>grpprl</b> and
locate the <b>sprms</b> recorded within it, it's necessary to fetch the opcode of the
first <b>sprm</b>, lookup the length of the <b>sprm</b> with that opcode, use that length
to skip past the first <b>sprm</b>, fetch the opcode of the second <b>sprm</b>, lookup the
length of that <b>sprm</b>, use the length to skip the second <b>sprm</b>, and so on. see
the table in the &quot;<b>sprm definition</b>&quot; topic to determine the length of a <b>sprm</b>.</p>

<p>the phrase &quot;<b>apply the sprms of a grpprl</b> (or <b>papx</b> or <b>sepx)</b>&quot;
used later in this document means to fetch the 0th <b>sprm </b>recorded in the <b>grpprl</b>
and perform the action for that sprm, fetch the first <b>sprm</b> and perform its action,
and continue this procedure until all <b>sprms</b> in the <b>grpprl</b> (or <b>papx</b> or
<b>sepx) </b>have been processed.</p>

<p><b>prm (property modifier):</b></p>

<p>a field in piece table entries that records how the properties of text within a piece
were changed to reflect user formatting operations. the <b>prm</b> usually contains an
index to a <b>grpprl</b> which records the user's formatting changes as a group of <b>sprm</b>s.
if the user has made only a small change to formatting that can be expressed as a single 2
or 1-byte <b>sprm</b>, that <b>sprm </b>is stored within the <b>prm</b>.</p>

<p><b>sttbf (string table stored in file)</b></p>

<p>word has many tables of strings that are stored as pascal type strings. sttbfs consist
of an optional short containing 0xffff, indicating that the strings are extended character
strings, a short indicating how many strings are included in the string table, another
short indicating the size in bytes of the extra data stored with each string and each
string followed by the extra data. non-extended charater pascal strings begin with a
single byte length count which describes how many characters follow the length byte in the
string. if pst is a pointer to an array of characters storing a pascal style string then
the length of the string is *pst+1. in an sttbf pascal style strings are concatenated one
after another until the length of the sttbf recorded in the fib is exhausted.<b> </b>extra
data associated with a string may also be stored in an sttbf.<b> </b>when extra data is
stored for an sttbf, it is written at the end of each string. for example:<b> </b>the
extra data for an sttbf consists of a short.<b> </b>if the string &quot;cat&quot; were
stored, the actual entry in the string table would consist of a length byte containing 3
(3 for &quot;cat&quot;) followed by the bytes 'c' 'a' 't', followed by the 2 bytes
containing the short. extended character strings are stored just the same, except they
have a double byte length count and each extended character occupies two bytes.</p>

<p><b>full-saved (or non-complex) file:</b></p>

<p>a word file in which the physical order of characters stored in the file is identical
to the logical order of characters in the document that the file represents. the text
stream of a non-complex file can be described by an <b>fc</b> (an offset from the
beginning of the file) to mark where the text begins and a <b>ccp </b>(<b>c</b>ount of <b>cp</b>s)
to record how many characters are stored in the text stream. due to unicode compression to
code page 1252, all files (simple and complex) now contain a piece table. however, a
full-saved piece table will not have property modifiers (prms) and all text in the file
will be referenced by the piece table.</p>

<p><b>fast-saved (or complex) file:</b></p>

<p>a word file in which the physical order of characters stored in the file does not match
the logical order of characters in the document that the file represents. a <b>piece table</b>
must be stored in the file to describe the text stream of the document. due to unicode
compression to code page 1252, all files (simple and complex) now contain a piece table.</p>

<p><b>fib (file information block):</b></p>

<p>the header of a word file. begins at offset 0 in file. gives the beginning offset<b> </b>and
lengths of the document's text stream and subsidiary data structures within the file. also
stores other file status information.</p>

<p><b>paragraph</b></p>

<p>a contiguous sequence of characters within the text stream of a document that is
delimited by a paragraph mark, cell mark, row mark, or a section mark (these are special
characters described later in this document).</p>

<p><b>run of text</b></p>

<p>a contiguous sequence of characters within the text stream of a document that have the
same character formatting properties. a single run may cross paragraph boundaries and may
encompass the entire document.</p>

<p><b>section</b></p>

<p>a contiguous sequence of paragraphs within the text stream of a document that is
delimited by a section mark or by the final paragraph mark at the end of a document. users
frequently treat sections as the equivalent of a chapter in a book. the boundaries of
sections mark locations where the layout rules for a document (number of columns, text of
headers and footers to use, whether page numbers should be displayed, etc.) are changed.</p>

<p><b>paragraph style</b></p>

<p>a named set of character and paragraph properties that can be associated with any
number of <b>paragraphs</b> in a word document's text stream. a <b>paragraph</b> <b>style</b>
provides a set of character and paragraph property defaults for the text of any paragraph
tagged with that style. when a new paragraph is created and given a particular style,
newly typed text is given the character and paragraph properties of that style unless the
user makes an exception to the paragraph style definition by performing other editing
operations.</p>

<p><b>chp (character properties)</b></p>

<p>the data structure describing the character properties of a run of text.</p>

<p><b>chpx (character property exception)</b></p>

<p>a data structure which describes how a particular <b>chp</b> differs from a reference <b>chp</b>.
in win word 6.0, the <b>chpx</b> simply consists of a <b>grpprl</b> which is applied to
the reference <b>chp</b> to produce the originally encoded <b>chp</b>. by applying a <b>chpx
</b>to the character properties (<b>chp)</b> inherited by a particular paragraph from its <b>style</b>,<b>
</b>it is possible to reconstitute the <b>chp </b>for the portion of the character run
that intersects that paragraph</p>

<p><b>character style</b></p>

<p>a named character property exception that can be associated with any number of runs of
text in a word document's text stream. when a run of text is tagged with a particular <b>character
style</b>, a <b>chpx</b> recorded for the character style is applied to the character
properties that are defined for the paragraph style of the paragraph that contains the
text. this means that the character style can change one or more of the character property
field settings specified by the paragraph style of a paragraph to a particular setting
without changing the value of any other field.</p>

<p><b>pap (paragraph properties)</b></p>

<p>the data structure which describes the properties of a particular paragraph.</p>

<p><b>papx (paragraph property exception)</b></p>

<p>a data structure describing how a particular paragraph's properties differ from the
paragraph properties of the style assigned to the paragraph. by applying a <b>papx</b> to
the paragraph properties (<b>pap</b>) inherited by a particular paragraph from its <b>style</b>,
it is possible to reconstitute the <b>pap</b> for that paragraph. the <b>papx</b> contains
an <b>istd </b>(a style code to identify the style in control of the paragraph and a <b>grpprl</b>
which specifies how the style's paragraph properties must be changed to produce the
paragraph properties of the paragraph.</p>

<p><b>table row:</b></p>

<p>a contiguous sequence of paragraphs within the text stream of a document that is
partitioned into subsequences of paragraphs called <b>cells.</b> the last paragraph of
each cell is terminated by a special paragraph mark called a <b>cell mark.</b> following
the cell mark that ends the last cell of a table row, the table row is terminated by a
special paragraph mark called a <b>row mark</b>. when word displays a table row, it
assigns a rectangular shaped display area to each cell in the row. all of the cell display
area's top's are aligned at the same vertical position on a page. the leftmost display
area in a table row is assigned to the 0th cell of the row; the next display area to the
right is assigned to the 1st cell of the row, etc. the text of the cell is wrapped to fit
its display area.<b> </b>as more text is added to the cell, the cell display area extends
downward. a set of table properties that determine how many cells are in a row, where the
horizontal boundaries of cell display areas are, and what borders are drawn around each
cell in the table is stored for the <b>row mark </b>that marks the end of the table row.</p>

<p><b>tap (table properties):</b></p>

<p>the data structure which describes the properties of a single table row. the
information in the <b>tap</b> for a table row is stored in a word file as a list of sprms
that modify a <b>tap </b>which has been cleared to zeros. this list of table sprms is
appended to the <b>grpprl</b> of paragraph sprms that is recorded in the <b>papx</b> for
the <b>row mark</b> that delimits the end of a <b>table row</b>.</p>

<p><b>stsh (style sheet)</b></p>

<p>a data structure which represents every style defined within the word document. the <b>stsh</b>
records a unique name string for every style and associates each name with a particular <b>chp</b>
and/or a <b>pap. </b>the indexes used to refer to individual styles are called <b>istd</b>s
(<b>i</b>ndexes<b> </b>to<b> st</b>yle<b> d</b>escriptors). every <b>papx </b>for every
paragraph recorded in a document<b> </b>contains an <b>istd </b>which identifies the style
from which a paragraph inherited its default character and paragraph properties. <b>chpx</b>s
recorded for the text within the paragraph and <b>papx</b>s recorded for the paragraph
itself encode changes that the user has made with respect to the style's default
properties.</p>

<p><b>fkp (formatted disk page):</b></p>

<p>a data structure that fits in one 512-byte page that encodes either the character
properties or the paragraph properties of a certain portion of a microsoft word file. an <b>fkp
</b>consists of four components:</p>