二值圖像邊緣提取算法C語言實現[原創] 
定義：每個像素的取值均為0或1，稱這樣的圖像為二值圖像。

算法：檢查所有像素，若該像素為物體上與背景接觸的像素（四連通像素中既有背景像素又有物體像素），則為邊界。

程序：

#define M 30
#define N 20

void edge(int image[M][N],int bianyuan[M][N])
{
   int i,j;
   int inner=1,outer=1;
   for (i=0;i<M;i++)/*清除數據*/
      for(j=0;j<N;j++)
            bianyuan[i][j]=0;
   for(i=1;i<M-1;i++)
      for(j=1;j<N-1;j++)
      {
         inner=1;/*假設該像素或為物體,或為背景*/
         outer=1;
         if(image[i-1][j]==0||image[i+1][j]==0||image[i][j-1]==0||image[i][j+1]==0)
              inner=0;
         if(image[i-1][j]==1||image[i+1][j]==1||image[i][j-1]==1||image[i][j+1]==1)
              outer=0;
         if(inner==0&&outer==0&&image[i][j]==1)/*像素周圍既有物體又有背景*/               bianyuan[i][j]=1;/*,且該像素為物體上的像素(image[i][j]==1)，則定義為邊界*/
      }
}

void output(int array[M][N],int n)
{
   int i,j;
   for(i=0;i<n;i++)
   {
      printf("\n");
      for(j=0;j<N;j++)
        if(array[i][j]==1)
           printf("1");
        else
           printf(" ");
   }
}

void main()
{
   int image[M][N]={{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
                              {0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0},
                              {0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0},
                              {0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0}};
   int bianyuan[M][N]={0};
   int i,j;
   printf("\nThe origianl image is:\n");
   output(image,10);
   edge(image,bianyuan);
   printf("\nIts edge is:\n");
   output(bianyuan,10);
}

寫完了，又看一下，感覺edge函數太羅嗦了，不夠簡練，想了一下，改成了下面的樣子，函數接口不變：

void edge(int image[M][N],int bianyuan[M][N])
{
   int i,j;
   for (i=0;i<M;i++)
      for(j=0;j<N;j++)
         bianyuan[i][j]=0;
   for(i=1;i<M-1;i++)
      for(j=1;j<N-1;j++)
      {
          int t=image[i-1][j]+image[i+1][j]+image[i][j-1]+image[i][j+1];
          if(t>0&&t<4&&image[i][j]==1)/*周圍4個像素值介于1~3之間，*/
               bianyuan[i][j]=1;             /*且當前像素為物體，則其必為邊界*/
      }
}