#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
/* 全局變量 */
struct individual /* 個體*/
{
unsigned *chrom; /* 染色體 */
double fitness; /* 個體適應度*/
double varible; /* 個體對應的變量值*/ 
int xsite; /* 交叉位置 */
int parent[2]; /* 父個體 */
int *utility; /* 特定數據指針變量 */
};
struct bestever /* 最佳個體*/
{
unsigned *chrom; /* 最佳個體染色體*/
double fitness; /* 最佳個體適應度 */
double varible; /* 最佳個體對應的變量值 */
int generation; /* 最佳個體生成代 */
};
struct individual *oldpop; /* 當前代種群 */
struct individual *newpop; /* 新一代種群 */
struct bestever bestfit; /* 最佳個體 */
double sumfitness; /* 種群中個體適應度累計 */
double max; /* 種群中個體最大適應度 */
double avg; /* 種群中個體平均適應度 */
double min; /* 種群中個體最小適應度 */
float pcross; /* 交叉概率 */
float pmutation; /* 變異概率 */
int popsize; /* 種群大小 */
int lchrom; /* 染色體長度*/
int chromsize; /* 存儲一染色體所需字節數 */
int gen; /* 當前世代數 */
int maxgen; /* 最大世代數 */
int run; /* 當前運行次數 */
int maxruns; /* 總運行次數 */
int printstrings; /* 輸出染色體編碼的判斷，0 -- 不輸出, 1 -- 輸出 */
int nmutation; /* 當前代變異發生次數 */
int ncross; /* 當前代交叉發生次數 */

/* 隨機數發生器使用的靜態變量 */
static double oldrand[55];
static int jrand;
static double rndx2;
static int rndcalcflag;
/* 輸出文件指針 */
FILE *outfp ;
/* 函數定義 */
void advance_random();
int flip(float);rnd(int, int);
void randomize();
double randomnormaldeviate();
float randomperc(),rndreal(float,float);
void warmup_random(float);
void initialize(),initdata(),initpop();
void initreport(),generation(),initmalloc();
void freeall(),nomemory(char *),report();
void writepop(),writechrom(unsigned *);
void preselect();
void statistics(struct individual *);
void title(),repchar (FILE *,char *,int);
void skip(FILE *,int);
int select();
void objfunc(struct individual *);
int crossover (unsigned *, unsigned *, unsigned *, unsigned *);
void mutation(unsigned *);


void initialize() /* 遺傳算法初始化 */
{
/* 鍵盤輸入遺傳算法參數 */
initdata();
/* 確定染色體的字節長度 */
chromsize = (lchrom/(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
if(lchrom%(8*sizeof(unsigned))) chromsize++;
/*分配給全局數據結構空間 */
initmalloc();
/* 初始化隨機數發生器 */
randomize();
/* 初始化全局計數變量和一些數值*/
nmutation = 0;
ncross = 0;
bestfit.fitness = 0.0;
bestfit.generation = 0;
/* 初始化種群，并統計計算結果 */
initpop();
statistics(oldpop);
initreport();
}

void initdata() /* 遺傳算法參數輸入 */
{
char answer[2];
popsize=30;
if((popsize%2) != 0)
{
fprintf(outfp, "種群大小已設置為偶數\n");
popsize++;
};
lchrom=22;
printstrings=1;
maxgen=300;
pcross=0.8;
pmutation=0.005;
}

void initpop() /* 隨機初始化種群 */
{
int j, j1, k, stop;
unsigned mask = 1;
for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
{
for(k = 0; k < chromsize; k++)
{
oldpop[j].chrom[k] = 0;
if(k == (chromsize-1))
stop = lchrom - (k*(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
else
stop =8*sizeof(unsigned);
for(j1 = 1; j1 <= stop; j1++)
{
oldpop[j].chrom[k] = oldpop[j].chrom[k]<<1;
if(flip(0.5))
oldpop[j].chrom[k] = oldpop[j].chrom[k]|mask;
}
}
oldpop[j].parent[0] = 0; /* 初始父個體信息 */
oldpop[j].parent[1] = 0;
oldpop[j].xsite = 0;
objfunc(&(oldpop[j])); /* 計算初始適應度*/
}
}

void initreport() /* 初始參數輸出 */
{
void skip();
skip(outfp,1);
fprintf(outfp," 基本遺傳算法參數\n");
fprintf(outfp," -------------------------------------------------\n");
fprintf(outfp," 種群大小(popsize) = %d\n",popsize);
fprintf(outfp," 染色體長度(lchrom) = %d\n",lchrom);
fprintf(outfp," 最大進化代數(maxgen) = %d\n",maxgen);
fprintf(outfp," 交叉概率(pcross) = %f\n",pcross);
fprintf(outfp," 變異概率(pmutation) = %f\n",pmutation);
fprintf(outfp," -------------------------------------------------\n");
skip(outfp,1);
fflush(outfp);
}
//接著上面的void generation()
{
int mate1, mate2, jcross, j = 0;
/* 每代運算前進行預選 */
preselect();
/* 選擇, 交叉, 變異 */
do
{
/* 挑選交叉配對 */
mate1 = select();
mate2 = select();
/* 交叉和變異 */
jcross = crossover(oldpop[mate1].chrom, oldpop[mate2].chrom, newpop[j].chrom, newpop[j+1].chrom);
mutation(newpop[j].chrom);
mutation(newpop[j+1].chrom);
/* 解碼, 計算適應度 */
objfunc(&(newpop[j]));
/*記錄親子關系和交叉位置 */
newpop[j].parent[0] = mate1+1;
newpop[j].xsite = jcross;
newpop[j].parent[1] = mate2+1;
objfunc(&(newpop[j+1]));
newpop[j+1].parent[0] = mate1+1;
newpop[j+1].xsite = jcross;
newpop[j+1].parent[1] = mate2+1;
j = j + 2;
}
while(j < (popsize-1));

}

void initmalloc() /*為全局數據變量分配空間 */
{
unsigned nbytes;
char *malloc();
int j;
/* 分配給當前代和新一代種群內存空間 */
nbytes = popsize*sizeof(struct individual);
if((oldpop = (struct individual *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("oldpop");
if((newpop = (struct individual *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("newpop");
/* 分配給染色體內存空間 */
nbytes = chromsize*sizeof(unsigned);
for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
{
if((oldpop[j].chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("oldpop chromosomes");
if((newpop[j].chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("newpop chromosomes");
}
if((bestfit.chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("bestfit chromosome");

}

void freeall() /* 釋放內存空間 */
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < popsize; i++)
{
free(oldpop[i].chrom);
free(newpop[i].chrom);
}
free(oldpop);
free(newpop);
free(bestfit.chrom);
}

void nomemory(string) /* 內存不足，退出*/
char *string;
{
fprintf(outfp,"malloc: out of memory making %s!!\n",string);
exit(-1);
}

void report() /* 輸出種群統計結果 */
{
void repchar(), skip();
void writepop(), writestats();
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1); 
if(printstrings == 1)
{
repchar(outfp," ",((80-17)/2));
fprintf(outfp,"模擬計算統計報告 \n");
fprintf(outfp, "世代數 %3d", gen);
repchar(outfp," ",(80-28));
fprintf(outfp, "世代數 %3d\n", (gen+1));
fprintf(outfp,"個體 染色體編碼");
repchar(outfp," ",lchrom-5);
fprintf(outfp,"適應度 父個體 交叉位置 ");
fprintf(outfp,"染色體編碼 ");
repchar(outfp," ",lchrom-5);
fprintf(outfp,"適應度\n");
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1);
writepop(outfp);
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1);
}
fprintf(outfp,"第 %d 代統計: \n",gen);
fprintf(outfp,"總交叉操作次數 = %d, 總變異操作數 = %d\n",ncross,nmutation);
fprintf(outfp," 最小適應度：%f 最大適應度：%f 平均適應度 %f\n", min,max,avg);
fprintf(outfp," 迄今發現最佳個體 => 所在代數： %d ", bestfit.generation);
fprintf(outfp," 適應度：%f 染色體：", bestfit.fitness);
writechrom((&bestfit)->chrom);
fprintf(outfp," 對應的變量值: %f", bestfit.varible);
skip(outfp,1);
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1); 
}

void writepop()
{
struct individual *pind;
int j;
for(j=0; j<popsize; j++)
{
fprintf(outfp,"%3d) ",j+1);
/* 當前代個體 */
pind = &(oldpop[j]);
writechrom(pind->chrom);
fprintf(outfp," %8f | ", pind->fitness);
/* 新一代個體 */
pind = &(newpop[j]);
fprintf(outfp,"(%2d,%2d) %2d ",
pind->parent[0], pind->parent[1], pind->xsite);
writechrom(pind->chrom);
fprintf(outfp," %8f\n", pind->fitness);
}
}

void writechrom(chrom) /* 輸出染色體編碼 */
unsigned *chrom;
{
int j, k, stop;
unsigned mask = 1, tmp;
for(k = 0; k < chromsize; k++)
{
tmp = chrom[k];
if(k == (chromsize-1))
stop = lchrom - (k*(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
else
stop =8*sizeof(unsigned);
for(j = 0; j < stop; j++)
{
if(tmp&mask)
fprintf(outfp,"1");
else
fprintf(outfp,"0");
tmp = tmp>>1;
}
}
}

void preselect()
{
int j;
sumfitness = 0;
for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++) sumfitness += oldpop[j].fitness;
}

int select() /* 輪盤賭選擇*/
{
extern float randomperc();
float sum, pick;
int i;
pick = randomperc();
sum = 0;
if(sumfitness != 0)
{
for(i = 0; (sum < pick) && (i < popsize); i++)
sum += oldpop[i].fitness/sumfitness;
}
else
i = rnd(1,popsize);
return(i-1);
}

void statistics(pop) /* 計算種群統計數據 */
struct individual *pop;
{
int i, j;
sumfitness = 0.0;
min = pop[0].fitness;
max = pop[0].fitness;
/* 計算最大、最小和累計適應度 */
for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
{
sumfitness = sumfitness + pop[j].fitness; 
if(pop[j].fitness > max) max = pop[j].fitness; 
if(pop[j].fitness < min) min = pop[j].fitness; 
/* new global best-fit individual */
if(pop[j].fitness > bestfit.fitness)
{
for(i = 0; i < chromsize; i++)
bestfit.chrom[i] = pop[j].chrom[i];