//Listing 16.3 Constructors and destructors called.
 #include <iostream> 

 enum BREED { YORKIE, CAIRN, DANDIE, SHETLAND, DOBERMAN, LAB }; 

 class Mammal
 {
 public:
     // constructors
     Mammal();
     ~Mammal();

     //accessors
     int GetAge() const { return itsAge; }
     void SetAge(int age) { itsAge = age; }
     int GetWeight() const { return itsWeight; }
     void SetWeight(int weight) { itsWeight = weight; }

     //Other methods
     void Speak() const { std::cout << "Mammal sound!\n"; }
     void Sleep() const { std::cout << "shhh. I'm sleeping.\n"; }

 protected:
     int itsAge;
     int itsWeight;
 };

 class Dog : public Mammal
 {
 public:
     // Constructors
     Dog();
     ~Dog();

     // Accessors
     BREED GetBreed() const { return itsBreed; }
     void SetBreed(BREED breed) { itsBreed = breed; }

     // Other methods
     void WagTail() { std::cout << "Tail wagging...\n"; }
     void BegForFood() { std::cout << "Begging for food...\n"; }

 private:
     BREED itsBreed;
 };

 Mammal::Mammal():
 itsAge(1),
 itsWeight(5)
 {
     std::cout << "Mammal constructor...\n";
 }

 Mammal::~Mammal()
 {
     std::cout << "Mammal destructor...\n";
 }

 Dog::Dog():
 itsBreed(YORKIE)
 {
     std::cout << "Dog constructor...\n";
 }

 Dog::~Dog()
 {
     std::cout << "Dog destructor...\n";
 }

 int main()
 {
     Dog fido;   // create a dog
     fido.Speak();
     fido.WagTail();
     std::cout << "Fido is " << fido.GetAge() << " years old\n";
     return 0;
 }