?? linux tutorial - linux network administration.mht
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</LI></UL></DD></DL></LI></UL>
<DL></DL>(Used by script =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup</TT> to=20
bring the various network interfaces on-line) <BR>To disable DHCP =
change=20
<TT>BOOTPROTO=3Ddhcp</TT> to <TT>BOOTPROTO=3Dnone</TT>=20
<UL></UL>
<P>In order for updated information in any of these files to take =
effect,=20
one must issue the command: <TT>service network restart</TT> (or:=20
<TT>/etc/init.d/network restart</TT>)=20
<P>
<HR noShade>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
<TD><B><BIG>Changing the host =
name:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>This is a three step process:=20
<OL>
<LI>Issue the command: <TT><A=20
=
href=3D"http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=3Dhostname=
">hostname</A>=20
<I>new-host-name</I></TT>=20
<LI>Change network configuration file: =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network</TT>=20
<BR>Edit entry: <TT>HOSTNAME=3D<I>new-host-name</I></TT>=20
<LI>Restart systems which relied on the hostname (or reboot):=20
<UL>
<LI>Restart network services: <TT>service network restart</TT> =
<BR>(or: <TT>/etc/init.d/network restart</TT>)=20
<LI>Restart desktop:=20
<UL>
<LI>Bring down system to console mode: <TT><A=20
=
href=3D"http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=3Dinit">in=
it</A>=20
3</TT>=20
<LI>Bring up X-Windows: <TT>init 5</TT> =
</LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></OL>One=20
may also want to check the file <TT>/etc/hosts</TT> for an entry =
using the=20
system name which allows the system to be self aware.=20
<P>The hostname may be changed at runtime using the command: =
<TT><A=20
=
href=3D"http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=3Dsysctl">=
sysctl</A>=20
-w kernel.hostname=3D"<I>superserver</I>"</TT>=20
<P><A name=3DNETWORKALIASING></A>
<HR noShade>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
<TD><B><BIG>Network IP =
aliasing:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Assign more than one IP address to one ethernet card: <PRE> =
ifconfig eth0 <I>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX</I> netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast =
<I>XXX.XXX.XXX</I>.255
ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.10.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast =
192.168.10.255
ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.10.14 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast =
192.168.10.255
=20
route add -host <I>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX</I> dev eth0
route add -host 192.168.10.12 dev eth0
route add -host 192.168.10.14 dev eth0
</PRE>In this example 0 and 1 are aliases in addition to the regular =
eth0.=20
The result of the ifconfig command: <SMALL><PRE>eth0 Link =
encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:4C:25:7A:3F =20
inet addr:<I>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX</I> Bcast:<I>XXX.XXX.XXX</I>.255 =
Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14218 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:1 txqueuelen:100=20
Interrupt:5 Base address:0xe400=20
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:4C:25:7A:3F =20
inet addr:192.168.10.12 Bcast:192.168.10.255 =
Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:5 Base address:0xe400=20
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:4C:25:7A:3F =20
inet addr:192.168.10.14 Bcast:192.168.10.255 =
Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:5 Base address:0xe400=20
</PRE></SMALL>
<P>Config file: =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0</TT>=20
<DL>
<DD>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D1 cellPadding=3D4 width=3D"100%" =
bgColor=3D#000000=20
border=3D1>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
<TD><PRE>DEVICE=3Deth0:0
ONBOOT=3Dyes
BOOTPROTO=3Dstatic
BROADCAST=3D192.168.10.255
IPADDR=3D192.168.10.12
NETMASK=3D255.255.255.0
NETWORK=3D192.168.10.0
ONBOOT=3Dyes
</PRE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DD></DL>Aliases can also be shut down=20
independently. i.e.: <TT>ifdown eth0:0</TT>=20
<P>The option during kernel compile is: CONFIG_IP_ALIAS=3Dy =
(Enabled by=20
default in Redhat)=20
<P><B>Note:</B> The Apache web server can be configured so that =
different=20
IP addresses can be assigned to specific domains being hosted. See =
Apache=20
configuration and "configuring an IP based virtual host" in the <A =
=
href=3D"http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialWebSiteConfig.html#=
HTTPD">YoLinux=20
Web site configuration tutorial</A>.=20
<P>
<HR>
<P><B>DHCP Linux Client: get connection info:</B> <TT>/sbin/pump =
-i eth0=20
--status</TT> <BR>(Red Hat Linux 7.1 and older)=20
<DL>
<DD><SMALL><PRE>Device eth0
IP: 4.XXX.XXX.XXX
Netmask: 255.255.252.0
Broadcast: 4.XXX.XXX.255
Network: 4.XXX.XXX.0
Boot server 131.XXX.XXX.4
Next server 0.0.0.0
Gateway: 4.XXX.XXX.1
Domain: vz.dsl.genuity.net
Nameservers: 4.XXX.XXX.1 4.XXX.XXX.2 4.XXX.XXX.3
Renewal time: Sat Aug 11 08:28:55 2001
Expiration time: Sat Aug 11 11:28:55 2001
</PRE></SMALL></DD></DL>
<UL></UL>
<P><A name=3DSTARTSTOP></A>
<P>
<HR>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#ffcc33>
<TD><B><BIG>Activating and De-Activating your=20
NIC:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>
<TABLE>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=3Dtop>Commands for starting and stopping TCP/IP =
network=20
services on an interface:=20
<UL>
<LI><B>Activate:</B> <TT>/sbin/ifup eth0</TT> <BR>(Also:=20
<TT>ifconfig eth0 up</TT> <B><I>- Note: Even if no IP =
address is=20
assigned you can listen.</I></B>)=20
<LI><B>De-Activate:</B> <TT>/sbin/ifdown eth0</TT> =
<BR>(Also:=20
<TT>ifconfig eth0 down</TT>) </LI></UL>These scripts use =
the scripts=20
and NIC config <BR>files in =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</TT>=20
<P><B>GUI Interface control/configuration:</B>=20
<UL>
<LI>Start/Stop network interfaces=20
<BR><TT>/usr/bin/system-control-network</TT> (Fedora Core =
2/3)=20
<BR><TT>/usr/bin/redhat-control-network</TT> (RH 9.0 - =
FC-1)=20
<LI>Configure Ethernet, ISDN, modem, token Ring, Wireless =
or DSL=20
network connection:=20
<BR><TT>/usr/sbin/system-config-network-druid</TT> (FC2/3) =
<BR><TT>/usr/sbin/redhat-config-network-druid</TT> (RH 9 - =
FC-1)=20
</LI></UL></TD>
<TD vAlign=3Dbottom><IMG=20
=
src=3D"http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/images/system-control-network.gif=
"=20
align=3Dright> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P><A name=3DSUBNETS></A>
<P>
<HR>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#ffcc33>
<TD><B><BIG>Subnets:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D3 cellPadding=3D3 border=3D1>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
<TH vAlign=3Dtop>M<BR>A<BR>S<BR>K</TH>
<TH vAlign=3Dtop># OF SUB NETS</TH>
<TH>Slash<BR>Fmt</TH>
<TH>CLASS A<BR>HOSTS</TH>
<TH>CLASS A<BR>MASK</TH>
<TH>CLASS B<BR>HOSTS</TH>
<TH>CLASS B<BR>MASK</TH>
<TH>CLASS C<BR>HOSTS</TH>
<TH>CLASS C<BR>MASK</TH>
<TH vAlign=3Dtop>CLASS C SUB<BR>HOSTS</TH>
<TH>CLASS C SUB<BR>MASK</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD>255</TD>
<TD>1<BR>or<BR>256</TD>
<TD>/32</TD>
<TD>16,777,214</TD>
<TD>255.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>65,534</TD>
<TD>255.255.0.0</TD>
<TD>254</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.0</TD>
<TD>Invalid<BR>1 address</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.255</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>254</TD>
<TD>128</TD>
<TD>/31</TD>
<TD>33,554,430</TD>
<TD>254.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>131,070</TD>
<TD>255.254.0.0</TD>
<TD>510</TD>
<TD>255.255.254.0</TD>
<TD>Invalid<BR>2 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.254</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>252</TD>
<TD>64</TD>
<TD>/30</TD>
<TD>67,108,862</TD>
<TD>252.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>262,142</TD>
<TD>255.252.0.0</TD>
<TD>1,022</TD>
<TD>255.255.252.0</TD>
<TD>2 hosts<BR>4 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.252</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>248</TD>
<TD>32</TD>
<TD>/29</TD>
<TD>134,217,726</TD>
<TD>248.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>524,286</TD>
<TD>255.248.0.0</TD>
<TD>2,046</TD>
<TD>255.255.248.0</TD>
<TD>6 hosts<BR>8 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.248</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>240</TD>
<TD>16</TD>
<TD>/28</TD>
<TD>268,435,454</TD>
<TD>240.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>1,048,574</TD>
<TD>255.240.0.0</TD>
<TD>4,094</TD>
<TD>255.255.240.0</TD>
<TD>14 hosts<BR>16 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.240</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>224</TD>
<TD>8</TD>
<TD>/27</TD>
<TD>536,870,910</TD>
<TD>224.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>2,097,150</TD>
<TD>255.224.0.0</TD>
<TD>8,190</TD>
<TD>255.255.224.0</TD>
<TD>30 hosts<BR>32 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.224</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>192</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>/26</TD>
<TD>1,073,741,822</TD>
<TD>192.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>4,194,302</TD>
<TD>255.192.0.0</TD>
<TD>16,382</TD>
<TD>255.255.192.0</TD>
<TD>62 hosts<BR>64 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.192</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>128</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>/25</TD>
<TD>2,147,483,646</TD>
<TD>128.0.0.0</TD>
<TD>8,388,606</TD>
<TD>255.128.0.0</TD>
<TD>32,766</TD>
<TD>255.255.128.0</TD>
<TD>126 hosts<BR>128 addresses</TD>
<TD>255.255.255.128</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D1 cellPadding=3D4 width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#000000 =
border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR bgColor=3D#cccccc>
<TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D120 bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
<P>
<SCRIPT type=3Dtext/javascript><!--=0A=
google_ad_client =3D "pub-8567479315106986";=0A=
google_ad_width =3D 120;=0A=
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<P></P></TD>
<TD>
<P>
<TABLE border=3D1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>Binary position</TD>
<TD>8</TD>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>1</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Value</TD>
<TD>128</TD>
<TD>64</TD>
<TD>32</TD>
<TD>16</TD>
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