StepDescriptor step = (StepDescriptor) i.next();            Iterator j = step.getActions().iterator();            while (j.hasNext()) {                ActionDescriptor action = (ActionDescriptor) j.next();                // check to see if it's a common action (dups are ok, since that's the point of common actions!)                if (!action.isCommon()) {                    if (!actions.add(new Integer(action.getId()))) {                        throw new InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException("Duplicate occurance of action ID " + action.getId() + " found in step " + step.getId());                    }                }            }        }        //now we have all our unique actions, let's check that no common action id's exist in them        i = commonActions.keySet().iterator();        while (i.hasNext()) {            Integer action = (Integer) i.next();            if (actions.contains(action)) {                throw new InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException("common-action ID " + action + " is duplicated in a step action");            }        }        i = initialActions.iterator();        while (i.hasNext()) {            ActionDescriptor action = (ActionDescriptor) i.next();            if (actions.contains(new Integer(action.getId()))) {                throw new InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException("initial-action ID " + action + " is duplicated in a step action");            }        }        validateDTD();    }    public void writeXML(PrintWriter out, int indent) {        XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);        out.println("<workflow>");        Iterator iter = metaAttributes.entrySet().iterator();        while (iter.hasNext()) {            Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent);            out.print("<meta name=\"");            out.print(XMLUtil.encode(entry.getKey()));            out.print("\">");            out.print(XMLUtil.encode(entry.getValue()));            out.println("</meta>");        }        if (registers.size() > 0) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<registers>");            for (int i = 0; i < registers.size(); i++) {                RegisterDescriptor register = (RegisterDescriptor) registers.get(i);                register.writeXML(out, indent);            }            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);            out.println("</registers>");        }        if (timerFunctions.size() > 0) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<trigger-functions>");            Iterator iterator = timerFunctions.entrySet().iterator();            while (iterator.hasNext()) {                Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iterator.next();                XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);                out.println("<trigger-function id=\"" + entry.getKey() + "\">");                FunctionDescriptor trigger = (FunctionDescriptor) entry.getValue();                trigger.writeXML(out, indent);                XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);                out.println("</trigger-function>");            }            while (iterator.hasNext()) {            }            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);            out.println("</trigger-functions>");        }        if (getGlobalConditions() != null) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<global-conditions>");            getGlobalConditions().writeXML(out, indent);            out.println("</global-conditions>");        }        XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);        out.println("<initial-actions>");        for (int i = 0; i < initialActions.size(); i++) {            ActionDescriptor action = (ActionDescriptor) initialActions.get(i);            action.writeXML(out, indent);        }        XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);        out.println("</initial-actions>");        if (globalActions.size() > 0) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<global-actions>");            for (int i = 0; i < globalActions.size(); i++) {                ActionDescriptor action = (ActionDescriptor) globalActions.get(i);                action.writeXML(out, indent);            }            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);            out.println("</global-actions>");        }        if (commonActions.size() > 0) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<common-actions>");            Iterator iterator = getCommonActions().values().iterator();            while (iterator.hasNext()) {                ActionDescriptor action = (ActionDescriptor) iterator.next();                action.writeXML(out, indent);            }            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);            out.println("</common-actions>");        }        XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);        out.println("<steps>");        for (int i = 0; i < steps.size(); i++) {            StepDescriptor step = (StepDescriptor) steps.get(i);            step.writeXML(out, indent);        }        XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);        out.println("</steps>");        if (splits.size() > 0) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<splits>");            for (int i = 0; i < splits.size(); i++) {                SplitDescriptor split = (SplitDescriptor) splits.get(i);                split.writeXML(out, indent);            }            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);            out.println("</splits>");        }        if (joins.size() > 0) {            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, indent++);            out.println("<joins>");            for (int i = 0; i < joins.size(); i++) {                JoinDescriptor join = (JoinDescriptor) joins.get(i);                join.writeXML(out, indent);            }            XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);            out.println("</joins>");        }        XMLUtil.printIndent(out, --indent);        out.println("</workflow>");    }    protected void init(Element root) {        NodeList children = root.getChildNodes();        for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {            Node child = children.item(i);            if (child.getNodeName().equals("meta")) {                Element meta = (Element) child;                String value = XMLUtil.getText(meta);                this.metaAttributes.put(meta.getAttribute("name"), value);            }        }        // handle registers - OPTIONAL        Element r = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "registers");        if (r != null) {            List registers = XMLUtil.getChildElements(r, "register");            for (int i = 0; i < registers.size(); i++) {                Element register = (Element) registers.get(i);                RegisterDescriptor registerDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createRegisterDescriptor(register);                registerDescriptor.setParent(this);                this.registers.add(registerDescriptor);            }        }        // handle global-conditions - OPTIONAL        Element globalConditionsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "global-conditions");        if (globalConditionsElement != null) {            Element globalConditions = XMLUtil.getChildElement(globalConditionsElement, "conditions");            ConditionsDescriptor conditionsDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createConditionsDescriptor(globalConditions);            conditionsDescriptor.setParent(this);            this.globalConditions = conditionsDescriptor;        }        // handle initial-steps - REQUIRED        Element intialActionsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "initial-actions");        List initialActions = XMLUtil.getChildElements(intialActionsElement, "action");        for (int i = 0; i < initialActions.size(); i++) {            Element initialAction = (Element) initialActions.get(i);            ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createActionDescriptor(initialAction);            actionDescriptor.setParent(this);            this.initialActions.add(actionDescriptor);        }        // handle global-actions - OPTIONAL        Element globalActionsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "global-actions");        if (globalActionsElement != null) {            List globalActions = XMLUtil.getChildElements(globalActionsElement, "action");            for (int i = 0; i < globalActions.size(); i++) {                Element globalAction = (Element) globalActions.get(i);                ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createActionDescriptor(globalAction);                actionDescriptor.setParent(this);                this.globalActions.add(actionDescriptor);            }        }        // handle common-actions - OPTIONAL        //   - Store actions in HashMap for now. When parsing Steps, we'll resolve        //      any common actions into local references.        Element commonActionsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "common-actions");        if (commonActionsElement != null) {            List commonActions = XMLUtil.getChildElements(commonActionsElement, "action");            for (int i = 0; i < commonActions.size(); i++) {                Element commonAction = (Element) commonActions.get(i);                ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createActionDescriptor(commonAction);                actionDescriptor.setParent(this);                addCommonAction(actionDescriptor);            }        }        // handle timer-functions - OPTIONAL        Element timerFunctionsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "trigger-functions");        if (timerFunctionsElement != null) {            List timerFunctions = XMLUtil.getChildElements(timerFunctionsElement, "trigger-function");            for (int i = 0; i < timerFunctions.size(); i++) {                Element timerFunction = (Element) timerFunctions.get(i);                Integer id = new Integer(timerFunction.getAttribute("id"));                FunctionDescriptor function = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createFunctionDescriptor(XMLUtil.getChildElement(timerFunction, "function"));                function.setParent(this);                this.timerFunctions.put(id, function);            }        }        // handle steps - REQUIRED        Element stepsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "steps");        List steps = XMLUtil.getChildElements(stepsElement, "step");        for (int i = 0; i < steps.size(); i++) {            Element step = (Element) steps.get(i);            StepDescriptor stepDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createStepDescriptor(step, this);            this.steps.add(stepDescriptor);        }        // handle splits - OPTIONAL        Element splitsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "splits");        if (splitsElement != null) {            List split = XMLUtil.getChildElements(splitsElement, "split");            for (int i = 0; i < split.size(); i++) {                Element s = (Element) split.get(i);                SplitDescriptor splitDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createSplitDescriptor(s);                splitDescriptor.setParent(this);                this.splits.add(splitDescriptor);            }        }        // handle joins - OPTIONAL:        Element joinsElement = XMLUtil.getChildElement(root, "joins");        if (joinsElement != null) {            List join = XMLUtil.getChildElements(joinsElement, "join");            for (int i = 0; i < join.size(); i++) {                Element s = (Element) join.get(i);                JoinDescriptor joinDescriptor = DescriptorFactory.getFactory().createJoinDescriptor(s);                joinDescriptor.setParent(this);                this.joins.add(joinDescriptor);            }        }    }    // refactored this out from the three addAction methods above    private void addAction(Object actionsCollectionOrMap, ActionDescriptor descriptor) {        if (getAction(descriptor.getId()) != null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("action with id " + descriptor.getId() + " already exists for this step.");        }        if (actionsCollectionOrMap instanceof Map) {            ((Map) actionsCollectionOrMap).put(new Integer(descriptor.getId()), descriptor);        } else {            ((Collection) actionsCollectionOrMap).add(descriptor);        }    }    private void validateDTD() throws InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException {        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();        dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);        dbf.setValidating(true);        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(sw);        writer.println(XML_HEADER);        writer.println(DOCTYPE_DECL);        writeXML(writer, 0);        WorkflowLoader.AllExceptionsErrorHandler errorHandler = new WorkflowLoader.AllExceptionsErrorHandler();        try {            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();            db.setEntityResolver(new DTDEntityResolver());            db.setErrorHandler(errorHandler);            db.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(sw.toString())));            if (errorHandler.getExceptions().size() > 0) {                throw new InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException(errorHandler.getExceptions().toString());            }        } catch (InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException e) {            throw e;        } catch (Exception e) {            throw new InvalidWorkflowDescriptorException(e.toString());        }    }}