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<FONT SIZE=4> Compilers </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=5><B>Console application projects with Microsoft Visual C++</B></FONT>
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<P>
The most recent versions of this compiler are integrated in a development environment called
Microsoft Visual Studio. The simplest method to create applications in this environment
is by creating projects. We are going to create a project with the name
<B>test</B> but you can simply follow these same instructions for any other project name
just by changing any appearance of <B>test</B> by the name you choose.
<P>
<H2>Creating a new project</H2>
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<B>1.</B> Launch the Microsoft Visual C++ environment.<BR>
If your development environment starts empty press on <TT><B><U>F</U>ile</B></TT> and
<IMG SRC="vc1.gif" BORDER=1>
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<B>2.</B> A dialog box called <TT><B>New</B></TT> will appear, similar to the following one:<BR>
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<IMG SRC="vc2.gif" BORDER=1>
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Follow these steps:<BR>
<blockquote>
<B>a.</B> Select the Projects tab.<BR>
<B>b.</B> Select the project type "Win32 Console Application"<BR>
<B>c.</B> Type the Location of your hard drive where you want to store the files of your projects.<BR>
<B>d.</B> Give a name to the project, the one you wish, for example <TT><B>test</B></TT>. This name will be automatically added to the path that you specified in step <B>c.</B>.<BR>
<B>e.</B> Click <TT><B>OK</B></TT>.<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
If you are using version 6 of the development environment, a dialog box will appear asking
what type of application you wish, in that case answer "An empty project" and click
<TT>Finish</TT>.
<P>
It will probably appear a summarizing panel. Ok.
<P>
<B>3.</B> At this point you shall have an empty project and in the left side it should
appear a list of classes, that because we have still not begun a program it will be empty.<BR>
<IMG SRC="vc3.gif" BORDER=1 ALIGN="left">
If you pay attention, you will be able to see in the bottom left side, two tab:
<TT><B>ClassView</B></TT> and <TT><B>FileView</B></TT>. Press on FileView.
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<B>4.</B><BR>
<IMG SRC="vc4.gif" BORDER=1 ALIGN="left">
In <TT><B>FileView</B></TT> you should be able to see a group icon
called <TT><B>test files</B></TT> (replacing <TT>test</TT> by the name that you gave to
the project in step <TT><B>2d.</B></TT>).<BR>
Right click on it and select the option <TT><B>Add <U>F</U>iles to Project...</B></TT><BR>
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<B>5.</B>
A Dialog box called "Insert Files into Project" will be opened. It is a
common exploring dialog box opened by the directory in which we have placed the project
in step <TT><B>2.</B></TT>.<BR>
<IMG SRC="vc7.gif"><BR>
Using this dialog box we can include the files we need in the project writing its name
in the "<U>F</U>ile name:" field. For example we could include the file
<TT><B>test.cpp</B></TT> (it is a generalized custom to call the main file of the project
like the project itself plus the <TT><B>.cpp</B></TT> extension).
Because it will probably be a new file, the environment will warn us that the file does
not still exist and it will ask us if we want to refer it anyway. We will answer
<TT><B>Yes</B></TT>.
<P>
<B>6.</B>
Once we have included our file(s) in the project, these would have to be visible under
the <TT><B>test files</B></TT> group (replacing <TT>test</TT> by the name you gave to the
project in step <TT><B>2d.</B></TT>).<BR>
<IMG SRC="vc5.gif" BORDER=1 ALIGN="left">
If you are using Visual C++ 6 the files would appear within a subfolder
called <TT><B>Source Files</B></TT>, in previous versions it will appear directly
into the <TT><B>test files</B></TT> folder.<BR>
Now, double-clicking on any project file (for example
<TT><B>test.cpp</B></TT>) the file will be opened in the main frame
of the development environment and we will be able to edit its content.
If the file that we want to open does not exists yet you will be asked if you wish
to create it. Try to click on <TT><B>test.cpp</B></TT> and say that indeed you
want to create it.<BR>
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<P>
Now we can edit any of our project's files in the way we want.
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<P>
<H2>Compilation and execution of a project</H2>
Once we have finished the program and we want to try to run it, we will go to the main menu
in the top of the window and select <TT><B>Build</B></TT>, and there the option
<TT><B>Execute test.exe</B></TT> (replacing <TT>test</TT> by the name given to the project).<BR>
You may also do this same operation by pressing on the red exclamation icon
(<IMG SRC="vc6.gif">) in the menu bar, or by pressing the keys <TT>Control</TT>
and <TT>F5</TT> simultaneously. Use the method that you prefer.
<P>
If our code is correct and everything goes well, the resulting program will be executed.
If not everithing has gone perfect, errors and warnings may be displayed, in this case,
at the bottom side of the development interface it will be a frame that will
display the quantity of errors and warnings. If you scroll up this screen (or if you expand
it) you will be able to see the details of errors and warnings following this format:
<blockquote ><TT>
File name(line number) : error/warning code: description
</TT></BLOCKQUOTE>
like for example:
<blockquote ><TT>
C:\myprograms\test.cpp(9) : error C2065: 'trox' : undeclared identifier
</TT></BLOCKQUOTE>
If you double-click on anyone of these lines, the place in the source code where presumably
the expression that causes the error is will be signaled. Use this location and the
error description to correct it.
<P>
Once your program has been executed for the first time using this method
an executable file with <TT><B>.EXE</B></TT> extension will be generated,
it will be in the working folder for this project within subfolder <TT><B>Debug</B></TT>
or <TT><B>Release</B></TT>, according to the active configuration for the project
(<TT><B>Build | Set Activate Configuration...</B></TT>).
<P>
<H2>Opening, Saving and Closing an existing project</H2>
When we created a project, Visual C++ generates for us a Workspace that includes
the project plus the files that we have opened while working on it.
<P>
It is recommendable that you use the options <TT><B>Open Workspace...</B></TT>,
<TT><B>Save Workspace</B></TT> and <TT><B>Close Workspace</B></TT> of the
<TT><B>File</B></TT> menu when you want to open an existing project or when you want
to close the project that you are editing to open another one.
<P>
For more information consult help.
<P>
<H2>Other options</H2>
You may also compile your applications from the command line with no need to launch
the development environment following the instructions detailed in<BR>
<a href="vccl.html" >Compiling from the command line with Visual Microsoft C++</A>
<P>
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