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<tbody><tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="25"> 當前位置：> <a class="nowplace" href="http://www.chinaitpower.com/System/index.html">操作系統</a> > <a class="nowplace" href="http://www.chinaitpower.com/System/unix/index.html">Unix高級技術</a> </td></tr>
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<td align="center"><b>[轉貼]Makefile解讀</b>
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作者:<font color="#0e3e92">未知</font>
時間:<font color="#0e3e92">2005-09-13 18:55</font>
出處:<font color="#0e3e92">ChinaUnix.net</font>
責編:<font color="#0e3e92">chinaitpower</font>
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<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="25"> 摘要：[轉貼]Makefile解讀</td></tr>
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原文出自：http://www.linuxforum.net
<br>作者：jkl
<br>
<br>==========================================
<br>Makefile 初探
<br>==========================================
<br>Linux的內核配置文件有兩個，一個是隱含的.config文件，嵌入到主Makefile中；另一個是
include/linux/autoconf.h，嵌入到各個c源文件中，它們由make config、make
menuconfig、make xconfig這些過程創建。幾乎所有的源文件都會通過linux/config.h而嵌入
autoconf.h，如果按照通常方法建立文件依賴關系(.depend)，只要更新過autoconf.h，就會造成所有源代碼的重新編繹。
<br>
<br>為了優化make過程，減少不必要的重新編繹，Linux開發了專用的mkdep工具，用它來取代gcc來生成.depend文件。mkdep在
處理源文件時，忽略linux/config.h這樣的頭文件，識別源文件宏指令中具有＂CONFIG_＂特征的行。例如，如果有
＂#ifdef CONFIG_SMP＂這樣的行，它就會在.depend文件中輸出$(wildcard
/usr/src/linux/include/config/smp.h)。
<br>
<br>include/config/下的文件是另一個工具split-include從autoconf.h中生成，它利用autoconf.h中的
CONFIG_標記，生成與mkdep相對應的文件。例如，如果autoconf.h中有＂#undef CONFIG_SMP＂這一行，它就
生成include/config/smp.h文件，內容為＂#undef CONFIG_SMP＂。這些文件名只在.depend文件中出
現，內核源文件是不會嵌入它們的。每配置一次內核，運行split-include一次。split-include會檢查舊的子文件的內容，確定是不是
要更新它們。這樣，不管autoconf.h修改日期如何，只要其配置不變，make就不會重新編繹內核。
<br>
<br>如果系統的編繹選項發生了變化，Linux也能進行增量編繹。為了做到這一點，make每編繹一個源文件時生成一個flags文件。例如編繹
sched.c時，會在相同的目錄下生成隱含的.sched.o.flags文件。它是Makefile的一個片斷，當make進入某個子目錄編繹時，會
搜索其中的flags文件，將它們嵌入到Makefile中。這些flags代碼測試當前的編繹選項與原來的是不是相同，如果相同，就將自已對應的目標文
件加入FILES_FLAGS_UP_TO_DATE列表，然后，系統從編繹對象表中刪除它們，得到FILES_FLAGS_CHANGED列表，最后，
將它們設為目標進行更新。
<br>
<br>下一步準備逐步深入的剖析Makefile代碼。
<br>
<br>==========================================
<br>Makefile解讀之二: sub-make
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