?? tytxbfi.htm
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<P><B>Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)—</B>The executive party of the IETF.
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<P><B>Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)—</B>Part of the IAB responsible for short-term engineering needs relating to the TCP/IP protocol suite.
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<P><B>Internet Protocol (IP)—</B>The part of TCP/IP that handles routing.
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<P><B>Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)—</B>A part of the IAB that concentrates on research and development of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
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<P><B>IP Address—</B>A 32-bit identifier that is unique to each network device.
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<P><B>IP Datagram—</B>The basic unit of information passed through a TCP/IP network. The datagram header contains source and destination IP addresses.
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<P><B>IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol)—</B>A routing protocol that performs routing functions with IP and OSI data.
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<P><B>ISO Reference Model—</B>The seven-layer ISO networking model. It isolates specific functions within each layer.
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<P><B>ISODE (ISO Development Environment)—</B>An attempt to develop software that enables OSI protocols to run on TCP/IP.
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<P><B>Jam—</B>An Ethernet term for communicating with all devices on a network on which a collision has occurred.
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<P><B>Jitter—</B>A term used with 10BaseT (twisted-pair Ethernet) networks where signals are out of phase with one another.
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<P><B>Kerberos—</B>An authentication scheme developed at MIT used to prevent unauthorized monitoring of logins and passwords.
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<P><B>LAN (Local Area Network)—</B>A collection of devices connected to enable communications between themselves on a single physical medium.
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<P><B>Learning Bridge—</B>A network bridge device that has the function of a bridge and the capability to monitor the network in order to determine which nodes are connected to it, and adjust routing data accordingly.
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<P><B>Leased Line—</B>A dedicated communication line between two points. Usually used by organizations to connect computers over a dedicated telephone circuit.
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<P><B>Link—</B>A generic term referring to a connection between two end points.
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<P><B>Logical—</B>Conveys an abstract concept in a simpler manner, such as using a logical machine name instead of its physical address.
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<P><B>Logical Link Control (LLC)—</B>The upper part of the data link sublayer protocol that is responsible for governing the exchange of data between two end points.
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<P><B>Mail Exchanger—</B>A system used to relay mail into a network.
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<P><B>Management Information Base (MIB)—</B>A database used by SNMP containing configuration and statistical information about devices on a network.
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<P><B>Maximum Segment Size—</B>The maximum permissible size for the data part of a packet.
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<P><B>Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)—</B>The largest datagram that can be handled by a specific network. The MTU can change over different networks, even if the transport is the same (such as Ethernet).
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<P><B>Media Access Control (MAC)—</B>The lower half of the data link sublayer that is responsible for framing data and controlling the physical link between two end points.
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<P><B>Medium Access Unit (MAU)—</B>A MAU handles the connection of a device operating on a network.
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<P><B>Message Transfer Agent (MTA)—</B>A process that moves messages between devices.
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<P><B>Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)—</B>An IEEE-approved network that supports high speeds over a metropolitan area.
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<P><B>MILNET (Military Network)—</B>A network that was originally part of ARPANET, now designated for exclusive military use in installations that require reliable network services.
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<P><B>Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)—</B>A device that converts digital signals into analog signals and vice versa. Used for conversion of signals for transmission over telephone lines.
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<P><B>Modem Eliminator—</B>A device that functions as two modems to provide service for data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communications equipment (DCE).
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<P><B>Multihomed Host—</B>A device attached to two or more networks.
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<P><B>Multiplex—</B>Simultaneously transmitting multiple signals over one channel.
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<P><B>Name Resolution—</B>The process of mapping aliases to an address. The Domain Name System (DNS) is one system that does this.
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<P><B>National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)—</B>A U.S. standards body previously called the National Bureau of Standards that promotes communications-oriented standards.
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<P><B>National Research and Education Network (NREN)—</B>A network backbone supporting large capacities planned for future Internet use.
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<P><B>National Science Foundation Network (NFSNET)—</B>The network that acts as part of the Internet backbone.
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<P><B>NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output Operating System)—</B>A network programming interface typically used to connect PCs together.
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<P><B>Network—</B>A number of devices connected to enable the device to communicate with any other device over a physical medium.
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<P><B>Network Address—</B>For TCP/IP, the 32-bit IP address of a device.
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<P><B>Network File System (NFS)—</B>A protocol developed by Sun MicroSystems that enables clients to mount remote directories onto their own local filesystem.
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<P><B>Network Information Center (NIC)—</B>The Internet administration facility that controls the naming of networks accessible over the Internet.
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<P><B>Network Information Service (NIS)—</B>A set of protocols developed by Sun Microsystems used to provide directory services for network information.
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<P><B>Network Interface Card (NIC)—</B>A generic term for a networking interface board used to connect a device to the network. The NIC is where the physical connection to the network occurs.
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<P><B>Network Management—</B>Any aspect of monitoring or controlling a network, including all administration details.
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<P><B>Network Service Access Point—</B>Used to identify an OSI device and point to the transport layer.
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<P><B>Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)—</B>Protocols that govern virtual terminal emulation.
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<P><B>Node—</B>A generic term used to refer to network devices.
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<P><B>Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)—</B>The basic Internet routing protocol for sending data over multiple paths. It uses the network's topology for routing decisions.
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<P><B>Open Software Foundation (OSF)—</B>A consortium of hardware and software vendors collaborating to produce technologies for device-independent operation.
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<P><B>Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)—</B>A family of ISO-developed standards relating to data communications.
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<P><B>Optical Fiber—</B>A plastic or glass cable that uses light as a communications medium.
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<P><B>Packet—</B>In TCP/IP, a term referring to the data passing between the internet layer and the data link layer. Also a generic term used to refer to data transferred through a network.
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<P><B>Passive Open—</B>An action taken by a server daemon to prepare it to receive requests from clients.
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<P><B>PING (Packet Internet Groper</B>)<B>—</B>A utility program used to test a system's TCP/IP software by sending an ICMP echo request and then waiting for a response.
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<P><B>Point-to-Point—</B>Transmission directly between two points without any intervening devices.
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<P><B>Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)—</B>A TCP/IP protocol that provides host-to-network and router-to-router connections. Can be used to provide a serial line connection between two machines.
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<P><B>Port—</B>A number used to identify TCP/IP applications. Generally a port is an entry or exit point.
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<P><B>Protocol—</B>Rules governing the behavior or method of operation of something.
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<P><B>Protocol Conversion—</B>The process of changing one protocol to another.
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<P><B>Protocol Data Unit (PDU)—</B>A term used in TCP/IP to refer to a unit of data, headers, and trailers at any layer in a network.
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<P><B>Protocol Interpreter (PI)—</B>A process that carries out FTP functions. FTP uses one Protocol Interpreter for the server and another one for the user.
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<P><B>Proxy—</B>A mechanism whereby one system functions for another when responding to protocol requests.
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<P><B>Push Service—</B>A service provided by TCP to enable an application to specify when data must be transmitted as soon as possible.
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<P><B>RARP—</B>See<I> Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.</I>
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<P><B>Receive Window—</B>A range of sequence numbers that a sender can transmit at a given time.
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