/* fitblk.c: example of fitting compressed output to a specified size   Not copyrighted -- provided to the public domain   Version 1.1  25 November 2004  Mark Adler *//* Version history:   1.0  24 Nov 2004  First version   1.1  25 Nov 2004  Change deflateInit2() to deflateInit()                     Use fixed-size, stack-allocated raw buffers                     Simplify code moving compression to subroutines                     Use assert() for internal errors                     Add detailed description of approach *//* Approach to just fitting a requested compressed size:   fitblk performs three compression passes on a portion of the input   data in order to determine how much of that input will compress to   nearly the requested output block size.  The first pass generates   enough deflate blocks to produce output to fill the requested   output size plus a specfied excess amount (see the EXCESS define   below).  The last deflate block may go quite a bit past that, but   is discarded.  The second pass decompresses and recompresses just   the compressed data that fit in the requested plus excess sized   buffer.  The deflate process is terminated after that amount of   input, which is less than the amount consumed on the first pass.   The last deflate block of the result will be of a comparable size   to the final product, so that the header for that deflate block and   the compression ratio for that block will be about the same as in   the final product.  The third compression pass decompresses the   result of the second step, but only the compressed data up to the   requested size minus an amount to allow the compressed stream to   complete (see the MARGIN define below).  That will result in a   final compressed stream whose length is less than or equal to the   requested size.  Assuming sufficient input and a requested size   greater than a few hundred bytes, the shortfall will typically be   less than ten bytes.   If the input is short enough that the first compression completes   before filling the requested output size, then that compressed   stream is return with no recompression.   EXCESS is chosen to be just greater than the shortfall seen in a   two pass approach similar to the above.  That shortfall is due to   the last deflate block compressing more efficiently with a smaller   header on the second pass.  EXCESS is set to be large enough so   that there is enough uncompressed data for the second pass to fill   out the requested size, and small enough so that the final deflate   block of the second pass will be close in size to the final deflate   block of the third and final pass.  MARGIN is chosen to be just   large enough to assure that the final compression has enough room   to complete in all cases. */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <assert.h>#include "zlib.h"#define local static/* print nastygram and leave */local void quit(char *why){    fprintf(stderr, "fitblk abort: %s\n", why);    exit(1);}#define RAWLEN 4096    /* intermediate uncompressed buffer size *//* compress from file to def until provided buffer is full or end of   input reached; return last deflate() return value, or Z_ERRNO if   there was read error on the file */local int partcompress(FILE *in, z_streamp def){    int ret, flush;    unsigned char raw[RAWLEN];    flush = Z_NO_FLUSH;    do {        def->avail_in = fread(raw, 1, RAWLEN, in);        if (ferror(in))            return Z_ERRNO;        def->next_in = raw;        if (feof(in))            flush = Z_FINISH;        ret = deflate(def, flush);        assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    } while (def->avail_out != 0 && flush == Z_NO_FLUSH);    return ret;}/* recompress from inf's input to def's output; the input for inf and   the output for def are set in those structures before calling;   return last deflate() return value, or Z_MEM_ERROR if inflate()   was not able to allocate enough memory when it needed to */local int recompress(z_streamp inf, z_streamp def){    int ret, flush;    unsigned char raw[RAWLEN];    flush = Z_NO_FLUSH;    do {        /* decompress */        inf->avail_out = RAWLEN;        inf->next_out = raw;        ret = inflate(inf, Z_NO_FLUSH);        assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR && ret != Z_DATA_ERROR &&               ret != Z_NEED_DICT);        if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)            return ret;        /* compress what was decompresed until done or no room */        def->avail_in = RAWLEN - inf->avail_out;        def->next_in = raw;        if (inf->avail_out != 0)            flush = Z_FINISH;        ret = deflate(def, flush);        assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    } while (ret != Z_STREAM_END && def->avail_out != 0);    return ret;}#define EXCESS 256      /* empirically determined stream overage */#define MARGIN 8        /* amount to back off for completion *//* compress from stdin to fixed-size block on stdout */int main(int argc, char **argv){    int ret;                /* return code */    unsigned size;          /* requested fixed output block size */    unsigned have;          /* bytes written by deflate() call */    unsigned char *blk;     /* intermediate and final stream */    unsigned char *tmp;     /* close to desired size stream */    z_stream def, inf;      /* zlib deflate and inflate states */    /* get requested output size */    if (argc != 2)        quit("need one argument: size of output block");    ret = strtol(argv[1], argv + 1, 10);    if (argv[1][0] != 0)        quit("argument must be a number");    if (ret < 8)            /* 8 is minimum zlib stream size */        quit("need positive size of 8 or greater");    size = (unsigned)ret;    /* allocate memory for buffers and compression engine */    blk = malloc(size + EXCESS);    def.zalloc = Z_NULL;    def.zfree = Z_NULL;    def.opaque = Z_NULL;    ret = deflateInit(&def, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION);    if (ret != Z_OK || blk == NULL)        quit("out of memory");    /* compress from stdin until output full, or no more input */    def.avail_out = size + EXCESS;    def.next_out = blk;    ret = partcompress(stdin, &def);    if (ret == Z_ERRNO)        quit("error reading input");    /* if it all fit, then size was undersubscribed -- done! */    if (ret == Z_STREAM_END && def.avail_out >= EXCESS) {        /* write block to stdout */        have = size + EXCESS - def.avail_out;        if (fwrite(blk, 1, have, stdout) != have || ferror(stdout))            quit("error writing output");        /* clean up and print results to stderr */        ret = deflateEnd(&def);        assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);        free(blk);        fprintf(stderr,                "%u bytes unused out of %u requested (all input)\n",                size - have, size);        return 0;    }    /* it didn't all fit -- set up for recompression */    inf.zalloc = Z_NULL;    inf.zfree = Z_NULL;    inf.opaque = Z_NULL;    inf.avail_in = 0;    inf.next_in = Z_NULL;    ret = inflateInit(&inf);    tmp = malloc(size + EXCESS);    if (ret != Z_OK || tmp == NULL)        quit("out of memory");    ret = deflateReset(&def);    assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    /* do first recompression close to the right amount */    inf.avail_in = size + EXCESS;    inf.next_in = blk;    def.avail_out = size + EXCESS;    def.next_out = tmp;    ret = recompress(&inf, &def);    if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)        quit("out of memory");    /* set up for next reocmpression */    ret = inflateReset(&inf);    assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    ret = deflateReset(&def);    assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    /* do second and final recompression (third compression) */    inf.avail_in = size - MARGIN;   /* assure stream will complete */    inf.next_in = tmp;    def.avail_out = size;    def.next_out = blk;    ret = recompress(&inf, &def);    if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR)        quit("out of memory");    assert(ret == Z_STREAM_END);    /* otherwise MARGIN too small */    /* done -- write block to stdout */    have = size - def.avail_out;    if (fwrite(blk, 1, have, stdout) != have || ferror(stdout))        quit("error writing output");    /* clean up and print results to stderr */    free(tmp);    ret = inflateEnd(&inf);    assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    ret = deflateEnd(&def);    assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);    free(blk);    fprintf(stderr,            "%u bytes unused out of %u requested (%lu input)\n",            size - have, size, def.total_in);    return 0;}