.TH BOOT 8.SH NAMEboot \- from power on to the login prompt.SH DESCRIPTION.de SP.if t .sp 0.4.if n .sp..At power on the machine reads the first sector of the boot device into memoryand executes it.  This bootstrap code loads.BR /boot/boot ,the MINIX 3 Boot Monitor.  The monitor loads the kernel binaries from.BR /boot/image ,or the newest file in.B /boot/imageif it is a directory..PPThe MINIX 3 system is now running, the different tasks initialize themselvesand control is transferred to the last one,.BR init ..PP.B Initis the grandparent of all MINIX 3 processes, it is responsible for startinglogin processes on each terminal, but first it runs.BR /etc/rc ..PP.B /etc/rcchecks the state of the system and starts daemons.  First it sets thekeyboard translation to the mapping in.B /etc/keymapif present, followed by a call to.BR readclock (8)to set MINIX 3 time from the hardware clock.  Next the file systems are checkedif necessary and the.B /usrfile system is mounted..PPThe system is now ready for multiuser startup,.B /etc/rccalls.B /usr/etc/rcthat cleans out /tmp, /usr/tmp, and resets or cycles log files by running.BR /usr/etc/daily ,starts the.BR update (8)and.BR cron (8)daemons, and initializes the network services..B /etc/rcfinally runs.BR /usr/local/etcto initialize the system in a site or host dependent way..PP.B Initreads.B /etc/ttytaband starts a.BR getty (8)for each enabled terminal line to allow a user to log in..SH OPTIONS.TP.B bootopts=\-sThe value of the boot variable.B bootoptsis passed to.BR /etc/rc .If it contains.B \-sthen the system will run a single user shell before continuing with multiuserstartup.  (Note that one normally uses.B boot \-sinstead of setting.BR bootopts .).TP.B bootopts=\-aThis flag tells that.B /etc/fstabmust be ignored.  The system asks for a device to use as /usr instead.  Thiswill also be done if the root device is not as mentioned in.BR /etc/fstab ..TP.B bootopts=\-fForce a file system check, even if the system was shut down properly.  (Dothis once in a while to be sure about the state of the file systems.).TP.BI servers= program\fR[,\fIprogram\fR...]Names the special servers that must be started in /usr/etc/rc.  The setting.BR "servers=inet"will start the TCP/IP server..SH "BOOT ENVIRONMENT"Many features of the drivers inside the kernel are controlled by settings inthe boot environmenti, like.B bootoptsabove does for.BR /etc/rc .The values of these variables are usually colon or comma separatednumbers configuring the driver..B "DPETH0 = 300:10"tells the DP ethernet driver to use I/O address 0x300, interrupt request10, and the default memory address (0xD0000, values may be omitted) for thefirst ethernet board.  (Note that IRQ 2 is redirected to IRQ 9 on AT's andPS/2's, so use 9 if a device is jumpered for 2.).PPVariables that are special to both the monitor and the kernel are describedin.BR monitor (8).This section lists extra variables or variable settings:.TP\fBc\fIn\fR = \fBat\fR | \fBbios\fR | \fBesdi\fR | \fBxt\fR | \fBaha1540\fR | \fBdosfile\fR | \fBfatfile\fRChoose the driver that is to be used as controller.IR n ,in order: IBM/AT (classic AT or newer IDE), BIOS (any disk), ESDI(some PS/2s), IBM/XT, Adaptec 154x, MINIX 3 under DOS "file as disk",FAT file system "file as disk".By default.B atis used on AT bus systems,.B bioson PS/2s and XTs, and.B dosfilewhen running under DOS.Most drivers are present in the kernel as distributed, but may be taken outby modifying.BR /usr/include/minix/config.h .See.BR controller (4).(An XT should always use the BIOS driver, not the XT driver, because BIOScalls are cheap on an XT.  The XT driver can be used on AT machines with anold XT controller.).TP\fBDPETH\fIn\fR = \fBon\fR | \fBoff\fRTurn an ethernet board on or off.  The driver is by default in "sink" modefor all boards.  The sink mode allows one to use the driver without anethernet board installed.  The driver will play /dev/null for that device,i.e. nothing comes in, and anything send out is dropped on the floor.  Ifthe board is turned on then the driver will use it to send out packets, ifit is turned off then the driver will fail for that board..PP.if n .ta \w'DPETHn = I/O-addr:irq:mem_addr:mem_size'u+2m.if t .ta \w'\fBDPETH\fIn\fR = \fII/O-addr\fR:\fIirq\fR:\fImem_addr\fR:\fImem_size\fR'u+2m\fBDPETH\fIn\fR = \fII/O-addr\fR:\fIirq\fR:\fImem_addr\fR:\fImem_size\fR	(WD80x3).br\fBDPETH\fIn\fR = \fII/O-addr\fR:\fIirq\fR:\fB0\fR	(NE2000).br\fBDPETH\fIn\fR = \fII/O-addr\fR:\fIirq\fR:\fIflags\fR	(3c503).RSSet the I/O address (hex), IRQ (decimal), memory address (hex), memorysize (hex), or flags (hex) of the.IR n -thethernet board and turn it on.  By default they are configured as280:3:D0000 and 300:5:C8000 with the memory size set to 2000, 4000, or 8000depending on the type of board found.For the Western Digital cards the IRQ must be what the board expects,but the memory address is programmed into the board by the driver.The SMC EtherEZ board, a WD8013 successor, has only 8Kmemory.  This confuses the driver, so you need to explicitly specify theboard size as being 2000.The memory address and size have no meaning for the Novell ethernet boards,but the address may be explicitly set to zero to indicate that the board.B isa Novell ethernet board.For the 3Com 3c503 the third parameter are flags, with the low bit indicatesthat the on-board tranceiver must be used if 0 (thin ethernet), or that anexternal tranceiver is used on the AUI port if set to 1.The IRQ is software settable, and must be specified as 2 (XT), 3, 4, 5,or 9 (AT).  The memory address is set on the board by jumpers.  The driverdoes not support I/O mode for the 3c503.(Note the little differences between board types.  For the 8003/8013 andNE1000/NE2000 the IRQ is fixed and the memory address variable, for the3c503 the IRQ is variable and the memory address is fixed, but need not bespecified.  Messy.).RE.TP\fBDPETH\fIn\fB_EA\fR = \fIe0\fR:\fIe1\fR:\fIe2\fR:\fIe3\fR:\fIe4\fR:\fIe5\fRSet the ethernet address of the.IR n -thethernet board.  The address is normally obtained from the ethernet board,so only in exceptional circumstances is this setting ever needed.  (Use theaddress of the main server if you want a career change.).TP\fBAHA0\fR = \fII/O-addr\fR:\fIbus-on\fR:\fIbus-off\fR:\fItr-speed\fRConfigure the Adaptec 154xA SCSI host adapter to use the given I/O address(hex), Bus-on time (decimal), Bus-off time (decimal) and transfer speed(hex).  The default is 330:15:1:00.  The default transfer speed is always5.0 Mb/s (code 00) ignoring the jumper settings..TP\fBaha1540-d\fIn\fR = \fIsleep-time\fR:\fItarget\fR,\fIlun\fRProgram SCSI disk.I nto have the given target and logical unit number.  The target and lunof a tape or other SCSI device may be changed by setting the.BI aha1540-d nvariable that would be used had it been a disk.  So tape device c0t7 can beset to target 4, lun 1 with aha1540-d7=:4,1.(The.I sleep-timeparameter is present but ignored to be compatible with Minix-vmd.).TP\fBdosfile-d\fIn\fR = \fIfile\fRTells the DOS virtual disk driver for disk.I nto use a given file as a disk.  The file is a DOS file name that theboot monitor must be able to open..TP\fBfatfile-d\fIn\fR = \fIdriver:minor:file\fRTells the FAT virtual disk driver for disk.I nto use a given file as a disk.  The.I driverparameter is the name of driver that handles the disk, and.I minoris the device number of the partition where the file is found.  See.BR controller (4)for names and numbers.The.I fileargument is the path to the file from the root directory down.  The drivernamed must also be tied to a controller with a.BI c nvariable, so that the FAT file driver can find it.A handy way to find the proper minor number is to run.B "ls\ \-l"on the device where the file is found.  As a example, we assume the mostcommon situation of a disk file on the first partition of the first driveon an ATA (IDE) controller:.SP.in +5.ft B.nfc0 = fatfilec1 = atfatfile-d0 = at:1:/minix/minix.mnx.fi.ft P.in -5.TP.BR TZ " = " GMT0This sets the time zone the hardware clock is running in..B Readclockuses this to correctly obtain the time of the clock.  The timezone of thesystem is set in.BR /etc/profile .This boot variable is normally not set, only a few UNIX die-hards whodon't care about the time Windows sees and don't want to change the clocktwice a year for daylight savings use this option.  (Set Windows time to thetime zone of Casablanca to match.).SH "TCP/IP CONFIGURATION"To use TCP/IP you need to run the.B inetserver, and unless you are running standalone you have to enable theethernet driver.  See the.B serversand.BI DPETH nboot variables above.  The driver supports these ethernet cards:  WesternDigital 8003, Western Digital 8013, SMC Elite Ultra 16,Novell NE1000 and NE2000, 3Com Etherlink II (3c503).  Many newervariants of the WD8013, now under the SMC brand, may also work.A common PCI reimplementation of the NE2000 using the Realtek 80 chipset isalso supported.  Make sure it's just a 10 mbit device and that it has achip marked "RTL 8029"..PPYou are likely to use TCP/IP in one of three situations: