.NHInformation Handling.LP.sh SORTSort or merge ASCII files line-by-line.No limit on input size..opSort up or down..opSort lexicographically or on numeric key..opMultiple keys located by delimiters or by character position..opMay sort upper case together with lower into dictionary order..OPOptionally suppress duplicate data..sh TSORTTopological sort \(em converts a partial order into a total order..sh UNIQCollapse successive duplicate linesin a file into one line..opPublish lines that were originally unique,duplicated, or both..opMay give redundancy count for each line..sh TRDo one-to-one character translation according toan arbitrary code..opMay coalesce selected repeated characters..opMay delete selected characters..sh DIFFReport line changes, additions and deletions necessary to bring two filesinto agreement..opMay produce an editor script to convert one file into another..opA variant compares two new versions against one old one..sh COMMIdentify common lines in two sorted files.Output in up to 3 columns shows lines present in first file only,present in both, and/or present in second only..sh JOINCombine two files by joining records that have identical keys..sh GREPPrint all lines in a file that satisfya pattern as used in the editor ED..opMay print all lines that fail to match..opMay print count of hits..opMay print first hit in each file..sh LOOKBinary search in sorted file for lineswith specified prefix..sh WCCount the lines, ``words'' (blank-separated strings) and characters in a file..sh SEDStream-oriented version of ED.Can perform a sequence of editing operations oneach line of aninput stream of unbounded length..opLines may be selected by address or range of addresses..opControl flow and conditional testing..opMultiple output streams..opMulti-line capability..sh AWKPattern scanning and processing language.Searches input for patterns, andperforms actions on each line of input that satisfiesthe pattern..opPatterns include regular expressions,arithmetic and lexicographic conditions,boolean combinations and ranges of these..opData treated as string or numeric as appropriate..opCan break input into fields;fields are variables..opVariables and arrays (with non-numeric subscripts)..opFull set of arithmetic operators and control flow..opMultiple output streams to files and pipes..opOutput can be formatted as desired..opMulti-line capabilities.