/* ============================================================================                   The Apache Software License, Version 1.1 ============================================================================ Copyright (C) 1999-2002 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modifica- tion, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of  source code must  retain the above copyright  notice,    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation    and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must    include  the following  acknowledgment:  "This product includes  software    developed  by the  Apache Software Foundation  (http://www.apache.org/)."    Alternately, this  acknowledgment may  appear in the software itself,  if    and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. 4. The names "Apache Cocoon" and  "Apache Software Foundation" must  not  be    used to  endorse or promote  products derived from  this software without    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact    apache@apache.org. 5. Products  derived from this software may not  be called "Apache", nor may    "Apache" appear  in their name,  without prior written permission  of the    Apache Software Foundation. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS  FOR A PARTICULAR  PURPOSE ARE  DISCLAIMED.  IN NO  EVENT SHALL  THE APACHE SOFTWARE  FOUNDATION  OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS  BE LIABLE FOR  ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES (INCLU- DING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT  OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS  INTERRUPTION)  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY  THEORY OF LIABILITY,  WHETHER  IN CONTRACT,  STRICT LIABILITY,  OR TORT (INCLUDING  NEGLIGENCE OR  OTHERWISE) ARISING IN  ANY WAY OUT OF THE  USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. This software  consists of voluntary contributions made  by many individuals on  behalf of the Apache Software  Foundation and was  originally created by Stefano Mazzocchi  <stefano@apache.org>. For more  information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see <http://www.apache.org/>.*/package com.struts2.framework.util;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import java.util.BitSet;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.Map;/** * A collection of <code>File</code>, <code>URL</code> and filename * utility methods * * @author <a href="mailto:stefano@apache.org">Stefano Mazzocchi</a> * @version CVS $Id: NetUtils.java,v 1.6.2.2 2002/08/06 13:36:48 cziegeler Exp $ */public class NetUtils {    /**     * Array containing the safe characters set as defined by RFC 1738     */    private static BitSet safeCharacters;    private static final char[] hexadecimal =    {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',     'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};    static {        safeCharacters = new BitSet(256);        int i;        // 'lowalpha' rule        for (i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {            safeCharacters.set(i);        }        // 'hialpha' rule        for (i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {            safeCharacters.set(i);        }        // 'digit' rule        for (i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {            safeCharacters.set(i);        }        // 'safe' rule        safeCharacters.set('$');        safeCharacters.set('-');        safeCharacters.set('_');        safeCharacters.set('.');        safeCharacters.set('+');        // 'extra' rule        safeCharacters.set('!');        safeCharacters.set('*');        safeCharacters.set('\'');        safeCharacters.set('(');        safeCharacters.set(')');        safeCharacters.set(',');        // special characters common to http: file: and ftp: URLs ('fsegment' and 'hsegment' rules)        safeCharacters.set('/');        safeCharacters.set(':');        safeCharacters.set('@');        safeCharacters.set('&');        safeCharacters.set('=');    }    /**     * Decode a path     *     * @param path the path to decode     * @return the decoded path     */    public static String decodePath(String path) {        // VG: JDK1.2 MEthods throws an exception; JDK1.3 - not.        // http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/api/java/net/URLDecoder.html#decode(java.lang.String)        try {            return java.net.URLDecoder.decode( path );        } catch (Exception e) {            return path;        }    }    /**     * Encode a path as required by the URL specificatin (<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt">     * RFC 1738</a>). This differs from <code>java.net.URLEncoder.encode()</code> which encodes according     * to the <code>x-www-form-urlencoded</code> MIME format.     *     * @param path the path to encode     * @return the encoded path     */    public static String encodePath(String path) {       // stolen from org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet ;)        /**         * Note: This code portion is very similar to URLEncoder.encode.         * Unfortunately, there is no way to specify to the URLEncoder which         * characters should be encoded. Here, ' ' should be encoded as "%20"         * and '/' shouldn't be encoded.         */        int maxBytesPerChar = 10;        StringBuffer rewrittenPath = new StringBuffer(path.length());        ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream(maxBytesPerChar);        OutputStreamWriter writer = null;        try {            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf, "UTF8");        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf);        }        for (int i = 0; i < path.length(); i++) {            int c = (int) path.charAt(i);            if (safeCharacters.get(c)) {                rewrittenPath.append((char)c);            } else {                // convert to external encoding before hex conversion                try {                    writer.write(c);                    writer.flush();                } catch(IOException e) {                    buf.reset();                    continue;                }                byte[] ba = buf.toByteArray();                for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) {                    // Converting each byte in the buffer                    byte toEncode = ba[j];                    rewrittenPath.append('%');                    int low = (int) (toEncode & 0x0f);                    int high = (int) ((toEncode & 0xf0) >> 4);                    rewrittenPath.append(hexadecimal[high]);                    rewrittenPath.append(hexadecimal[low]);                }                buf.reset();            }        }        return rewrittenPath.toString();    }    /**     * Returns the path of the given resource.     *     * @param uri The URI of the resource     * @return the resource path     */    public static String getPath(String uri) {        int i = uri.lastIndexOf('/');        if(i > -1)            return uri.substring(0, i);        i = uri.indexOf(':');        return (i > -1) ? uri.substring(i+1,uri.length()) : "";    }   /**    * Remove path and file information from a filename returning only its    * extension  component    *    * @param uri The filename    * @return The filename extension (with starting dot!)    */    public static String getExtension(String uri) {        int dot = uri.lastIndexOf('.');        if (dot > -1) {            uri = uri.substring(dot);            int slash = uri.lastIndexOf('/');            if (slash > -1) {                return null;            } else {                int sharp = uri.lastIndexOf('#');                if (sharp > -1) {                    // uri starts with dot already                    return uri.substring(0, sharp);                } else {                    int mark = uri.lastIndexOf('?');                    if (mark > -1) {                        // uri starts with dot already                        return uri.substring(0, mark);                    } else {                        return uri;                    }                }            }        } else {            return null;        }    }    /**     * Absolutize a relative resource on the given absolute path.     *     * @param path The absolute path     * @param relativeResource The relative resource     * @return the absolutized resource     */    public static String absolutize(String path, String relativeResource) {        if (("".equals(path)) || (path == null)) return relativeResource;        if (relativeResource.charAt(0) != '/') {            int length = path.length() - 1;            boolean slashPresent = (path.charAt(length) == '/');            StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();            b.append(path);            if (!slashPresent) b.append('/');            b.append(relativeResource);            return b.toString();        } else {            // resource is already absolute            return relativeResource;        }    }    /**     * Relativize an absolute resource on a given absolute path.     *     * @param path The absolute path     * @param relativeResource The absolute resource     * @return the resource relative to the given path     */    public static String relativize(String path, String absoluteResource) {        if (("".equals(path)) || (path == null)) return absoluteResource;        if (path.charAt(path.length() - 1) != '/') path += "/";        if (absoluteResource.startsWith(path)) {            // resource is direct descentant            return absoluteResource.substring(path.length());        } else {            // resource is not direct descendant            int index = StringUtils.matchStrings(path, absoluteResource);            if (index > 0 && path.charAt(index-1) != '/') {                index = path.substring(0, index).lastIndexOf('/');                index++;            }            String pathDiff = path.substring(index);            String resource = absoluteResource.substring(index);            int levels = StringUtils.count(pathDiff, '/');            StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();            for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++) {                b.append("../");            }            b.append(resource);            return b.toString();        }    }    /**     * Normalize a uri containing ../ and ./ paths.     *     * @param uri The uri path to normalize     * @return The normalized uri     */    public static String normalize(String uri) {        String[] dirty = StringUtils.split(uri, "/");        int length = dirty.length;        String[] clean = new String[length];        boolean path;        boolean finished;        while (true) {            path = false;            finished = true;            for (int i = 0, j = 0; (i < length) && (dirty[i] != null); i++) {                if (".".equals(dirty[i])) {                    // ignore                } else if ("..".equals(dirty[i])) {                    clean[j++] = dirty[i];                    if (path) finished = false;                } else {                    if ((i+1 < length) && ("..".equals(dirty[i+1]))) {                        i++;                    } else {                        clean[j++] = dirty[i];                        path = true;                    }                }            }            if (finished) {                break;            } else {                dirty = clean;                clean = new String[length];            }        }        StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer(uri.length());        for (int i = 0; (i < length) && (clean[i] != null); i++) {            b.append(clean[i]);            if ((i+1 < length) && (clean[i+1] != null)) b.append("/");        }        return b.toString();    }    /**     * Remove parameters from a uri.     *     * @param uri The uri path to deparameterize.     * @param parameters The map that collects parameters.     * @return The cleaned uri     */    public static String deparameterize(String uri, Map parameters) {        int i = uri.lastIndexOf('?');        if (i == -1) return uri;        String[] params = StringUtils.split(uri.substring(i+1), "&");        for (int j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {            String p = params[j];            int k = p.indexOf('=');            if (k == -1) break;            String name = p.substring(0, k);            String value = p.substring(k+1);            parameters.put(name, value);        }        return uri.substring(0, i);    }    public static String parameterize(String uri, Map parameters) {        if (parameters.size() == 0) {            return uri;        }        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(uri);        buffer.append('?');        for (Iterator i = parameters.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext();) {            Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)i.next();            buffer.append(entry.getKey());            buffer.append('=');            buffer.append(entry.getValue());            if (i.hasNext()) {                buffer.append('&');            }        }        return buffer.toString();    }}