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Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 19:25:19 GMTServer: NCSA/1.4.1Content-type: text/htmlLast-modified: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 08:28:43 GMTContent-length: 9012<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Intelligent DRAM (IRAM)</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><P><H1><!WA0><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html"><!WA1><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/iram.gif"></A>Intelligent DRAM (IRAM)</H1><TABLE WIDTH=100%><TR><TH ALIGN=LEFT><!WA2><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/">Computer Science Division</TH><TH ALIGN=RIGHT><!WA3><A HREF="http://www.berkeley.edu">University of California at Berkeley</TH></TR></TABLE><!--<P><TABLE WIDTH=100%><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA4><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html"><!WA5><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/iram.gif"></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><H1>Intelligent DRAM (IRAM)</H1></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA6><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html"><!WA7><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/home.gif"></A></TD></TR></TABLE>--><!--<BR CLEAR=LEFT><B><!WA8><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/">Computer Science Division</A><BR><!WA9><A HREF="http://www.berkeley.edu">University of California at Berkeley</A></B>--><P><HR><P><TABLE><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA10><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/people.html"><!WA11><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/people.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA12><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/publications.html"><!WA13><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/publications.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA14><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/calendar.html"><!WA15><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/calendar.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA16><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/links.html"><!WA17><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/links.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA18><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/local/index.html"><!WA19><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/local.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA20><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/private/index.html"><!WA21><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/working.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA22><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/people.html"><FONT SIZE=1>PEOPLE</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA23><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/publications.html"><FONT SIZE=1>PUBLICATIONS</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA24><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/calendar.html"><FONT SIZE=1>CALENDAR</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA25><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/links.html"><FONT SIZE=1>LINKS</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA26><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/local/index.html"><FONT SIZE=1>LOCAL</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA27><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/private/index.html"><FONT SIZE=1>WORKING</A></TD></TR></TABLE><P><TABLE><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA28><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html"><!WA29><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/home.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA30><A HREF="mailto:rfromm@cs.berkeley.edu"><!WA31><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/mail.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA32><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/"><!WA33><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/cs.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA34><A HREF="http://www.berkeley.edu"><!WA35><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/ucb.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA36><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html"><FONT SIZE=1>HOME</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA37><A HREF="mailto:rfromm@cs.berkeley.edu"><FONT SIZE=1>MAIL</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA38><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/"><FONT SIZE=1>CS</A></TD><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA39><A HREF="http://www.berkeley.edu"><FONT SIZE=1>UCB</A></TD></TR></TABLE><P><HR><!--<P><!WA40><IMG ALIGN=LEFT SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/construction.gif"><BR>This page is under construction.<BR CLEAR=ALL>--><P><H2>Project Overview</H2><P>Microprocessors and memories are made on distinct manufacturing lines,yielding 10M transistor microprocessors and 256M transistor DRAMs. One of thebiggest performance challenge today is the speed mismatch between themicroprocessors and memory. To address this challenge, we predict that over thenext decade processors and memory will be merged onto a single chip. Not onlywill this narrow or altogether remove the processor-memory performance gap, itwill have the following additional benefits: provide an ideal building-blockfor parallel processing, amortize the costs of fabrication lines, and betterutilize the phenomenal number of transistors that can be placed on a singlechip. Let's dub it an "IRAM", standing for Intelligent RAM, since most oftransistors on this merged chip will be devoted to memory.<P>Whereas current microprocessors rely on hundreds of wires to connect toexternal memory chips, IRAMs will need no more than computer networkconnections and a power plug. All input/output devices will be linked to themvia networks, as will be other IRAMs. If they need more memory, they get moreprocessing power as well, and vice versa -- an arrangement that will keep thememory capacity and processor speed in balance.<P>A single gigabit IRAM should have an internal memory bandwidth of nearly 1000gigabits per second (32K bits in 50 ns), a hundredfold increase over thefastest computers today. Off-chip accesses will go over 1 gigabit per secondserial links. Hence the fastest programs will keep most memory accesses withina single IRAM, rewarding compact representations of code and data.<P><H2>History</H2><P>The initial efforts of the IRAM project were undertaken during the Spring 1996offerring of CS 294-4 at UC Berkeley. This advanced graduate course, led byProf. <!WA41><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~patterson/">David Patterson</A>, re-examined the design of hardware and software that isbased on the traditional separation of the memory and the processor. The <!WA42><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~patterson/lecture294.html">course web page</A> contains a considerable amount of useful information, including copies ofslides from many guest speakers as well as the results from three sets of<!WA43><A HREF="http://HTTP.CS.Berkeley.EDU/~pattrsn/294/assign.html">projects</A> performed by more than a dozen graduate students. An earlierdiscussion that helped lead to the development of this course can be found inthe<!WA44><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/publications.html">article</A>"Microprocessors in 2020", by Dave Patterson, in the September1995 issue (pages 48-51), of <I>Scientific American</I>.<P><H2>Related Work</H2><P>IRAM's large improvement in memory system bandwidth has significant potentialfor helpng configurable systems to achieve their full performance potential.Configurable systems offer improved performance by adapting processingcapabilities to application-specific needs. But by making the processingportion of an application go faster, a conventional memory system will be moreand more of a drag on performance. Memory bandwidth is also the performancebottleneck to rapid reprogramming of the configurable elements. For thesereasons, the IRAM group is working closely with the<!WA45><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/brass/">BRASS</A>(Berkeley Reconfigurable Architecture, Systems and Software) group, headed byProf. <!WA46><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~johnw/">John Wawrzynek</A>.<P><H2>IRAM Index:</H2><!--<UL><LI><!WA47><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/people.html">People</A><LI><!WA48><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/publications.html">Publications</A><LI><!WA49><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/calendar.html">Calendar</A><LI><!WA50><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/links.html">Useful Links</A><LI><!WA51><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/private/index.html">Working Directory</A>(You must be a part of the IRAM or BRASS groups to access this directory.)</UL>--><BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA52><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/people.html"><!WA53><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/people.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD><!WA54><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/people.html">People</A></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA55><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/publications.html"><!WA56><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/publications.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD><!WA57><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/publications.html">Publications</A></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA58><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/calendar.html"><!WA59><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/calendar.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD><!WA60><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/calendar.html">Calendar</A></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA61><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/links.html"><!WA62><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/links.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD><!WA63><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/links.html">Useful Links</A></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA64><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/local/index.html"><!WA65><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/local.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD><!WA66><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/local/index.html">Local Directory</A>(You must be at UC Berkeley to access this directory.)</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA67><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/private/index.html"><!WA68><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/working.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD><!WA69><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/private/index.html">Working Directory</A>(You must be a part of the IRAM or BRASS groups to access this directory.)</TD></TR></TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE><P><TABLE><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA70><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html"><!WA71><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/home.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD>You can always return to this page by clicking on the<!WA72><A HREF="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html">IRAM</A> icon.</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA73><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/"><!WA74><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/cs.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD>The IRAM Project is part of the<!WA75><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/">Computer Science</A> division</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA76><A HREF="http://www.berkeley.edu"><!WA77><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/ucb.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD>at the<!WA78><A HREF="http://www.berkeley.edu">University of California at Berkeley</A>.</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><!WA79><A HREF="mailto:rfromm@cs.berkeley.edu"><!WA80><IMG SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/mail.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE></A></TD><TD>Questions or comments about these pages? Send<!WA81><A HREF="mailto:rfromm@cs.berkeley.edu">mail</A>.</TD></TR></TABLE><P><HR><I><P><B>Last modified:</B><BR>20-nov-1996<P><!WA82><A HREF="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html"><!WA83><IMG ALIGN=RIGHT SRC="http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/Pics/blueribbon.gif"></A><B>This page maintained by:</B><BR><!WA84><A HREF="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~rfromm/">Richard Fromm</A><BR><!WA85><A HREF="mailto:rfromm@cs.berkeley.edu">rfromm@cs.berkeley.edu</A></I></BODY></HTML>?? 快捷鍵說明
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